學會抓線索，突破“七選五”

周其林　胡菊英

做好“七選五”閱讀，要善于抓“兩大線索”：

線索一：抓好主題，分析文章（段落）結構。關注文章的大標題和段落的小標題；關注每段的首尾句，首句通常是文章的主題句，尾句通常是總結句，過渡句具有承上啟下的作用。

線索二：理清邏輯，尋找線索詞匯或句子。

1. 關注語句間的連接詞，常見的表示因果關系的有so，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly，consequently，as a result等，表示順承關系的有first，second，third ...，first，next，then等，表示轉折關系的有however，nevertheless，though，yet，in spite of，on the contrary，otherwise等。

2. 如果空在段尾，它通常是結論、概括性語句，關注在選項中表示結果、結論、總結等的信號詞，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等詞語。

3. 關注原詞復現，近義、同義或反義的詞匯。

4. 關注代詞或定冠詞。巧妙利用這樣的指代關系，然后根據代詞的單復數差異可以準確、快速地解題。

下面我們以2015年高考新課標Ⅰ卷的七選五閱讀為例，說明以上步驟和技巧。

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 That is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately， weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from， lied to， misled， or cheated on， there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. 37 Its understandable， but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again， we have some steps you can take to get you there.

38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

39 If youve been betrayed， you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives， well have our trust tested or violated.

You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost， what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead， its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.

答案 BEACG

解題步驟及推理思路如下：

1. 通讀7個選項，理解句意，對選項內容留下大致的印象。根據選項中的關鍵詞可以推測出文章的主題或線索，初步確定關聯選項。

2. 快速瀏覽全文，抓好主題，分析篇章結構。通常情況下根據標題或首段內容即可知整篇文章的主題，通過分析篇章結構可以更好地從整體上把握文章的主題。不難看出，本文為“總分總”結構，從第二段中的some steps可以推論出38、39兩空為分述的“steps”。

3. 理清邏輯，尋找線索詞匯，逐一推理， 選定答案。

第36空后面表示轉折關系的But表明后面句子與前面的句子是轉折關系，由后句中But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust ... 可推測空處所表達的意思與選項中的put confidence in someone相符合，故選B；

第37空前句的主語people與選項E的主語They指涉的對象相同，選項中用人稱代詞替代上文所談到的人，同時空前句子中的cant trust anymore與E選項中的again相呼應。故37空應選E；

第38、39空位于段首，屬于該段的中心句。根據38空后Having confidence in yourself和A選項中的trust yourself意義一致，屬于同義或近義詞組，故選A；

39空后面的關鍵詞victim在C選項中出現，屬原詞復現，故選C；

第40空前出現的be thankful for all the good ...與G選項中的Seeing the positive side of意義一致，故選G。

4. 選完答案后，通讀全文，將所選項放入空白處，通讀一遍，看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系，是否符合該處語境，能否承接前后的寫作線索，使文章無論內容還是銜接上都能做到通順。若代入選項后，發現文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應更換其它選項。