稀疏微波成像信號處理方法研究

邢孟道　徐剛　張榆紅

摘要：主要圍繞本研究關鍵科學問題“稀疏微波成像非模糊重建”展開研究，結合稀疏微波成像體制，研究多維度稀疏信號特征信息挖掘方法，提出稀疏微波成像距離多普勒二維解耦成像重建算子，建立稀疏微波成像重構算法，實現微波成像大數據量的快速求解。主要研究內容包括：基于稀疏優化的空時頻域先驗信息挖掘方法、稀疏微波成像非模糊重建理論和方法、非理想運動平臺稀疏微波成像處理和稀疏微波成像快速算法研究。主要工作進展包括：1）基于目標在空間的稀疏表征，揭示觀測對象在空間維度的先驗信息調制機理，實現短孔徑下的方位高分辨成像。2）進行了稀疏步進頻率雷達成像體制設計和高分辨成像算法研究，有效降低步進頻率雷達的回波數據量和外界干擾的概率。3）基于稀疏孔徑數據，揭示觀測對象在方位時間維度的先驗信息調制機理，展開了方位孔徑稀疏采樣的雷達體制設計和高分辨成像算法研究。4）提出了一種基于稀疏表征的自聚焦算法，研究了存在運動誤差下的稀疏微波成像非模糊重建算法，完善了可嵌入運動補償的稀疏微波成像處理框架。5）展開了寬幅海洋多艦船目標高分辨成像的體制設計和算法研究，提出了一種單天線體制下的Fast-ScanSAR海洋多艦船成像算法，并完善了稀疏微波成像非模糊重建理論框架和方法體系。6）展開了稀疏采樣體制下的運動目標檢測和成像算法研究。通過方位稀疏采樣方式優化設計，基于運動目標先驗信息挖掘技術研究，利用稀疏信號處理算法實現運動目標的高分辨非模糊重建。

關鍵詞：稀疏微波成像；非模糊重建；非理想平臺；快速算法

Abstract：Research on the key scientific problem of unambiguous reconstruction for sparse microwave imaging， the projection combines the system design of sparse microwave imaging to study the method of multi-dimension information exploitation. Then a 2D Range-Doppler decoupling operator of sparse microwave imaging is constructed to constitute the reconstruction algorithm of sparse microwave imaging， achieving the fast solution in the case of large amount of data. The main concept consists of the optimization information exploits in space， time and frequency domain， theory and method of unambiguous reconstruction algorithm for sparse microwave imaging， sparse microwave imaging process in the case of non-ideal platform moving and study on sparse microwave imaging fast recovering algorithm. The main achievements of the research are listed as follows： 1） Based on the sparse representation of target in the azimuth dimension， high azimuth resolution imaging with short aperture can be achieved via the theory of priori information modulation in the space domain. 2） The system of sparse stepped-frequency Radar imaging is designed and high resolution imaging algorithm is studied to effectively reduce the quantity of radar echo data amounts and the probability of outside interference. 3） Based on sparse aperture data， the azimuth aperture sparse sampling radar system is designed and high resolution imaging algorithm is studied via the theory of priori information modulation in the azimuth-time dimension domain. 4） An auto-focusing algorithm based on sparse representation is proposed， unambiguous reconstruction algorithm based on sparse microwave imaging in the case of non-ideal platform moving is studied， thus we design the framework of sparse microwave imaging embed in motion errors. 5） The system and algorithm of high resolution imaging on wide-swath ocean multiple ships is studied， an algorithm of single-antenna Fast-ScanSAR is proposed， thus we perfect the theoretical framework and method system of unambiguous reconstruction algorithm based on sparse microwave imaging. 6） Based on sparse sampling， the moving target detection and imaging algorithm is studied. To achieve high resolution unambiguous reconstruction on moving target using sparse signal process technique， we design the optimization method of sparse sampling in the azimuth dimension and study of priori information exploitation of moving target.

Keywords：sparse microwave imaging； unambiguous reconstruction； non-ideal platform moving； fast recovering algorithm