“震害遙感綜合評估技術與示范應用”2013年度總結報告

張景發 龔麗霞 蔣洪波 尤紅建 趙英俊

摘 要：我國是地震多發國家，地震造成的經濟損失和人畜傷亡均呈上升趨勢。地震發生后，快速、準確地獲取災情信息，開展有效救援工作，可以大大地減輕災害損失，是地震應急與評估工作中的重要環節。多源的遙感數據能夠提供給人們更多的災情信息，從而能夠讓人們對災情有更全面、準確地了解。地震應用實踐表明，衛星遙感技術以其速度快、范圍大、動態性好等技術優勢已在地震災害調查和評估中發揮越來越重要的作用。我國利用遙感衛星和航空影像資料已開展了一些震害評估的研究，然而在災情信息獲取的時效性、準確性、應用層次、應用系統開發水平等方面還與國外存在差距。針對我國防震減災工作的緊迫性及重要性，課題對震害評估中多源遙感技術應用的技術途徑進行深入研究，開展多角度、多形式與多任務的研究，充分利用多源遙感技術的優勢，研究基于遙感地面模型的震害綜合評估技術，研究基于遙感成像機理及定量遙感技術的定量震害參數提取方法，建立基于紋理結構特征和散射等特征的遙感地面震害模型，并設計出定量的震害程度參數算法和標準，建立快速有效和經過效率優化的遙感震害評估系統，進行示范應用。通過2年的研究，課題在4類典型震害目標（建筑物倒塌、山體滑坡、泥石流和堰塞湖）的散射機理、SAR圖像精確配準技術、高分辨率SAR圖像建筑物成像表征分析和仿真技術、光學遙感影像變化檢測技術、典型震害信息提取的極化SAR目標分解技術、LiDAR數據處理與特征提取技術以及震害信息提取與綜合評估技術等諸多方面取得了一定的研究成果。這些成果，可以促進遙感技術、災害監測預警技術、災害損失實物量評估技術的綜合發展，對我國災害遙感信息處理研究及相關科研領域產生積極的促進作用。同時，通過后續研究及應用，將大大地提高災害遙感信息處理效率，促進無人機測量、LiDAR等新型技術及傳感器的發展與完善，同時也為我國的防震減災事業提供技術及人才隊伍支撐。

關鍵詞：地震 遙感 震害評估

2013 Annual Summary Report on "Integrated Remote Sensing Techniques Applied in Earthquake Damage Assessment and Demonstration"

Zhang Jingfa1 Gong Lixia1 Jiang Hongbo1 You Hongjian2 Zhao Yingjun3

（1.Institute of crustal stress， China Earthquake Administration； 2.Institute of Electronics， Chinese Academy of Sciences；

3.CNNC Beijing Nuclear Industry Geological Research Institute）

Abstract： The economic losses and casualties caused by earthquakes in China showed an upward trend. It is really important after earthquakes to have a rapid and accurate access to seismic information， effectively carry out rescue work and greatly reduce losses. Multi-source remote sensing data can provide people with more information about the disaster and enables people to have a more comprehensive and accurate understanding about the disaster situation.We will take good use of multi-source remote sensing technology， focus on comprehensive damage assessments and technology based on ground remote sensing methods， research on quantitative damage parameter extraction methods based on remote sensing imaging mechanism and quantitative remote sensing technology， establish remote sensing ground seismic models based on texture features and scattering characteristics， design quantitative damage parameter algorithms and standards， build a quick ， effective and efficiently optimized remote sensing seismic assessment system and put it into application. After nearly two years of study ， our subject has achieved some outcomes on the scattering mechanisms of four typical damage targets （collapsed buildings ， landslides ， mudslides and barrier lakes ） ， accurate multi-source SAR image registration techniques ， high-resolution SAR image building characterization analysis and simulation technology， change detection techniques with optical remote sensing images， decomposition techniques of polarimetric SAR targets extracted from typical seismic information， LiDAR data processing and feature extraction techniques， and damage information extraction and comprehensive evaluation techniques. These results can promote remote sensing technology， disaster monitoring and early warning technology， assessment techniques of physical volumes of disaster loss， and Chinese seismic remote sensing research. Meanwhile， through follow-up research and application， it will not only greatly enhance disaster remote sensing information processing efficiency and promote the development and improvement of UAV measurements， LiDAR sensors and other new technologies， but also provide technological and personnel support for China's Earthquake Preparedness and Disaster Reduction.

Key Words： Earthquake； Remote Sensing； Earthquake disaster assessment

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