熱電材料多尺度結構中傳熱規律及高效熱電轉換機理進展報告

王世學

摘 要：本報告主要針對熱電系統中的強化傳熱技術及熱電性能優化方面展開理論和實驗研究，探討高效熱電轉換技術途徑。建立內燃機廢氣溫差發電器的傳熱換熱及熱電轉換數學模型，提出基于溫度梯度與材料物性的熱電耦合數值計算方法，研究了溫度梯度的變化及其對熱電系統的影響。基于熱電轉換中強化換熱的考慮，提出采用相變換熱的技術手段，并展開相變換熱理論設計及沸騰與凝結換熱性能分析。提出梯級熱電材料和相變換熱結合的高效熱電器結構，并對各類因素對熱電性能的影響展開了充分研究。搭建了蒸氣冷凝換熱特性測試實驗臺，可用于常壓下各種蒸氣在平板和圓管表面冷凝換熱的測試，試驗研究了含有高濃度CO2的水蒸氣在水平管外的冷凝換熱特性。另外，基于實驗結果，該文修正了以往文獻給出的經驗關系式，大幅拓展了其適用范圍。搭建了高氣密性的Marangoni凝結換熱實驗臺，研究了水平圓管外氨水混合蒸氣的Marangoni凝結換熱特性。在較大表面過冷度范圍內，針對不同氨蒸氣濃度氨水混合蒸氣的Marangoni凝結換熱特性進行了實驗研究。

關鍵詞：熱電轉換 換熱 溫差發電器

Abstract：Theoretical optimization and experimental researches on strengthening heat transfer technology and thermoelectric performance of the thermoelectric system are carried， aimed at exploring efficient thermoelectric conversion technology. The mathematical model is established referring to the heat transfer and thermoelectric conversion in internal combustion engine exhaust thermoelectric conversion system. Based on the coupling properties between temperature gradient and material property， the numerical calculation method is introduced. The change of temperature gradient and its influence on thermal power system are studied. Based on the consideration of strengthening heat transfer， the Phase change thermal technolog are put forward， and the scheme design and boiling/condensation heat transfer performance are analyzed. An efficient thermoelectric generator structure are put forward with combination the technologies of cascade thermoelectric materials and phase-change heat transfer， also the influence relationship from all kinds of factors on thermoelectric performance are fully launched. The steam condensation experiment platform is set， by which， the tests on condensation heat transfer characters， in plat and pipe surface， for all kinds of steams with normal pressure can be carried. The condensation heat transfer characteristics of CO2 with high concentrations， outer a horizontal pipe， are studied experimentally. In addition， based on the experimental results， the existing experience formula， given in the literatures， is revised， which will greatly expand the formula application scope. The Marangoni condensation heat transfer test bench， with high air tightness， is set up. The Marangoni condensation heat transfer characteristics outside the horizontal pipe of ammonia mixture vapor are studied. Also， the condensation characteristics of ammonia mixture vapors with different vapor concentration， under a large surface super-cooling degree， are studied in experiment.

Key Words： Thermoelectric conversion； Heat transfer； Thermoelectrical generator

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