分析高考試題，辨別what與 that

馬小娟

在高三備考復習中，發現很多學生在填what與 that時，非常糾結，也很容易混淆。下面就這兩個詞的用法差異進行歸納。

真題研究

1. （2011年北京卷）_________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honest and happiness.

分析：What 引導主語從句，并在從句中作offers的賓語。

2.（2011年湖南卷）Before a problem can be solved， it must be obvious________ the problem itself is.

分析：what 引導主語從句，并在從句中作is的表語。句中it是形式主語。

3. （2011年四川卷）Our teachers always tell us to believe in _______ we do and who we are if we want to success.

分析：what 引導賓語從句，并在從句中作do的賓語。

4. （2011年遼寧卷32）When the news came _________ the war broke out， he decided to serve in the army.

分析：that引導同位語從句，說明news的具體內容。

5.（2013年全國卷）It was only after he had read the papers

Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

分析：考查強調句型It was ... that ...，因此填that。

6.（ 2015年全國卷） Id skipped nearby Guilin， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _______are pictured by artists...

分析：填that，引導定語從句并在從句中作主語。

7. （2013年全國卷）改錯：This is how I need to improve in the future.

解析：因improve缺少賓語，不能用連接副詞how引導表語從句，應用連接代詞what。

易錯題選

1. I immediately tried to find the owner， because that is exactly ________ I would want someone to do if either I or any of my family members lost phones.

分析：what 引導表語從句，在從句中作do的賓語，考生易誤填that。

2. _______ I experienced in high school tells me that it is not ________ you are given but how you make use of it______ determines who you are.

分析：第一個空What 引導主語從句，在從句中作experienced的賓語；第二空what 引導表語從句，在從句中作are given的賓語，第三空that， 構成It is...that... 強調句型，其強調部分是“not what you are given but how you make use of it”。句意：我在中學所經歷的一切告訴我“不是你被給的東西決定你是誰，而是你怎樣利用它決定你是誰”。

3. To their delight， my cousin can use ________ he has learned from university to help them with overseas trade.

分析：what 引導賓語從句，并在從句中作has learned的賓語，考生易誤填that。

4. Never judge anyone because you never know how their life is or _________ theyre going through.

分析：know后為or連接的兩個并列的賓語從句，由于在后面的一個從句中，through后缺少賓語，且指事物，因此，填what 引導賓語從句，并在從句中作go through的賓語。句意：不要去評判一個人，因為你不知道他們有著怎樣的生活或者你不知道他們正經歷著什么苦難。

5. We learn to have more confidence in _________ we know through failure.

分析：填what， 引導賓語從句，并在從句中作know的賓語。另外，介詞后一般不跟that引導的賓語從句。

6. The wedding was held in a large building _________ was built for the ceremony.

分析：that引導定語從句，在從句子作主語。考生易誤填what。

7. China is not the country _________ it used to be.

分析：that引導定語從句，在從句子作be的表語。考生誤填what。順便提提，如果題干中去掉the country，就填what，且在表語從句中作表語，即China is not what it used to be。

8. One day he told his wife he was so disappointed with the city ________ he had to leave.

分析：填that，因為so...that...是固定句式。

用法辨析

1. what，是連接代詞，引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等，并在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語等，不能省略。

2. that，（1）引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時，沒有任何意義，不作任何句子成分，只起連接作用，值得注意的是，其中同位語從句多由that引導。（2）that可代替which或who，引導限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語或賓語。（3）用于以下特殊句式：

①強調句型 It is / was ...... that......

②固定句型so / such ... that ...

責任編輯 蔣小青