以低二噁英排放為目標(biāo)的氧化/還原氣氛下可燃固體廢棄物熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化機理

張衍國 蒙愛紅 周會 龍艷秋 武景麗

摘 要：可燃固體廢棄物種類繁多、成分復(fù)雜，在處理處置和利用過程中需要盡可能的降低污染。該研究旨在建立適合我國可燃固體廢棄物特性的組分熱化學(xué)表征模型，掌握組分在不同氧化劑調(diào)控氣氛下的熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)模型和不同尺度下的傳熱、傳質(zhì)機理，研究熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)過程中的復(fù)雜組分的交互影響規(guī)律；探索熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)氧化劑調(diào)控對二噁英及其前驅(qū)物的影響和耦合關(guān)聯(lián)特性，形成低二噁英排放的新一代熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)機制。貫穿整個5年的工作任務(wù)和重點是可燃固體廢棄物熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)的“基元”表征體系的建立、確認(rèn)和完善，為繁雜而難以窮盡的可燃固體廢棄物的研究建立一套可行的、基準(zhǔn)一致的方法體系。該報告詳細解釋了“基元”體系的構(gòu)建過程和表征方法，并為此建立了和使用了TGA、固定床和流化床Macro-TGA，以不同平臺上獲得的連續(xù)失重曲線，驗證“基元”體系表征方法的可行性，同時也考察“基元”及典型廢棄物的熱解反應(yīng)特征，以及其在熱解過程中兩兩混合的相互作用。除17種典型固體廢棄物外，還考察了土豆淀粉/HDPE、PP/稻稈共熱解特性，進行了動力學(xué)分析、熱解產(chǎn)物檢測，了解了共熱解過程的相互作用及其對產(chǎn)物的影響。可燃固體廢棄物的氣化規(guī)律及動力學(xué)研究也是研究的一個重點。研究了楊樹枝、PE、打印紙、橡膠、大米和腈綸等典型固體廢棄物在CO2氣氛下的熱解氣化動力學(xué)，采用分布活化能模型（DAEM）獲取了動力學(xué)參數(shù)，嘗試CO2氣氛下可燃固體廢棄物的“基元”優(yōu)化組合。在化學(xué)鏈燃燒方面，解釋了其可減少二噁英排放的原理，重點研究了其關(guān)鍵因素—— 載氧體的制作及性能。

關(guān)鍵詞：熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)特征 “基元” 化學(xué)鏈燃燒

The Genera Tech-report of the Principles of Thermochemical Reacting at Redox Atmosphere of Combustible Solid Waste for Low Dioxins Emission

Zhang Yanguo1 Meng Aihong1 Zhou Hui1 Long Yanqiu1 Wu Jingli2

（1.Tsinghua University；2.Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology，Chinese Academy of Sciences）

Abstract：The combustible solid waste is characterized with various kinds and complex composition， which needs to reduce its pollution in the treatment and utility processes. The aim of this project is to propose the pseudo-compositions reaction model for the thermochemical reaction of the combustible solid waste， to clarify their heat and mass transfer principles and reaction models at different oxidant-concentration atmosphere， to elucidate the inter-impact of complex components， and to study impact of the oxidant on dioxins-related compound to find out a new kind reaction type to lower dioxins emission. The plan for the third year goes on well and the research results in the third year are reviewed in this annual report. Actually， the pseudo-compositions model to re-figure the mass loss curves is a long-term research topic based on thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） and macro-TGA. To establish， verify and improve the system is the emphasis and key problem in the whole five-year project. It will propose a novel and feasible method and system to investigate the uncountable and complicated combustible solid waste on the universal base. Hereby， the pseudo-component model was clearly elucidated. The thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） and macro-TGA based on fix bed and fluidized bed， respectively were established to get. the mass loss curves to verify the pseudo-component method and system. The pyrolysis characteristics of the given pseudo-components and typical solid waste were investigated and the kinetic analysis and inter-impact investigation were carried based on these. Besides these waste， the co-pyrolysis of potato starch and HDPE， PP and rice stalk were studied with kinetic analysis and gas product detect to distinguish the inter-impact of waste pyrolysis. The kinetic analysis of pyrolysis and gasification of the typical solid waste is also an important work. The pyrolysis and gasification of poplar branch， PE， print paper， rubber， rice and acrylic fibres at CO2 atmosphere were investigated. The pseudo-components for each typical waste were optimized. The principles of chemical looping combustion （CLC） were explained to lower dioxins emission. As a key point for CLC， oxygen-carrier was emphasis in the study.

Key Words：Thermochemical reaction characteristics； Pseudo-component； Chemical looping combustion

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