抗旱節(jié)水材料與制劑2014年度進(jìn)展報(bào)告

宋吉青 白文波 呂國(guó)華

摘 要：課題實(shí)施至今，系統(tǒng)開展了功能型保水制劑、土壤表面覆蓋材料、不同類型植物源抗旱節(jié)水制劑原材料篩選、性能優(yōu)化及應(yīng)用效果驗(yàn)證；農(nóng)田水分轉(zhuǎn)化過程、不同處理作物秸稈還田效應(yīng)、有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)合土壤擴(kuò)蓄增容材料研發(fā)及生物發(fā)酵廢棄物的土壤結(jié)構(gòu)改良等方面的研究。其中，生物質(zhì)無環(huán)境負(fù)荷型保水制劑吸水倍率達(dá)100以上，釋水效率達(dá)85%以上；磷鉀賦肥保水功能新材料養(yǎng)分持續(xù)釋放能力增加10～20倍，成本降低20%～35%；新型氣孔免疫植物蒸騰抑制劑的蒸騰抑制率35%以上；研制出有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)合型土壤擴(kuò)蓄增容材料，應(yīng)用后使土壤有效孔隙增加5%，土壤水分無效蒸發(fā)降低10%，作物水分利用效率提高20%。

關(guān)鍵詞：節(jié)水材料 保水劑 賦肥保水劑 蒸騰抑制劑 土壤擴(kuò)蓄增容材料

Abstract：Multifunctional aquasorb， degradable soil mulched material， plant drought resistance preparation， soil water relations in the soil plant and air continuum， and soil amendment materials were researched in the project. The characters of aquasorb were optimized. Water adsorbent rate reached to 100， and water release rate was effectively （85%）. The nitrogen and phosphate release capability of fertilizer-supplied aquasorb increased by 10～20 times， and the cost decreased from 20% to 35%. The new developed antitranspiranat could decrease the transpiration by 35%. Soil amendment fertilizer， made from organic and inorganic materials， could increase soil porosity by 5%， and decrease soil evaporation by 10%， and raise the water use efficiency by 20%. Up to now， the divided tasks in the project were carried out according to the plan. Assessment indexes for 2014 were all finished. The quantity of granted Patents reached to 24， and utility model was 2， intellectual property right was 1. There were 75 published papers， included 16 SCI， 18 EI， and 41 CSCD. Depend on the research project， 22 master students and 10 doctor students successfully took their degrees. In the further research， the great innovative achievements would be summarized and proposed. The characters should be further optimized， and promote the plant drought resistance products industrialization.

Key Words：Product for plant drought resistance；Aquasorb；Fertilizer-supplied aquasorb；Antitranspirant；Soil amendment

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