智能化工況模擬與檢測系統研究與開發

楊學軍 蔡曉華 饒秀勤 宋建農 李建橋

摘 要：智能化工況模擬與檢測系統研究開發，研究了智能化土壤-植物-機械工況模擬與檢測技術，智能化種子精量播種模擬與檢測技術、機械化乳品采集檢測模擬與檢測技術、農產品組分與缺陷在線檢測技術，開發了智能化土壤植物機械工況模擬實驗系統、噴藥機械田間作業工況模擬裝置、配方施肥變量控制模擬裝置、智能化精量播種模擬系統、機械化乳品采集檢測模擬系統、農產品組分和缺陷聲光檢測模擬系統等。突破了高性能先進裝備共性和關鍵技術，為新技術發展提供平臺，縮短新技術、新產品、新裝備的研究開發成果轉化為生產力的周期，為國內研發、中試、生產等關鍵環節提供專業化試驗基地。全天候智能化土壤-植物-機械工況模擬實驗系統，采用坑式直線型土槽及軌道進行農機具或部分整機的性能試驗，實現了被測機具或整機的耕深、動力輸出軸轉速和牽引速度的自動控制，并能夠對土壤堅實度、土壤含水率、動力輸出軸轉速和扭矩、牽引速度等10余項數據進行實時采集和處理。采用集成化設計，集土壤恢復系統、機具懸掛系統、測試系統及控制系統于一體，開發了六分力門架測力系統，創造性地采用了“智能化工況模擬試驗”這一全新的試驗模式，進行該試驗臺控制系統的軟硬件設計，提高了試驗效率，減輕了試驗人員的勞動強度，縮短了試驗及研究周期。全天候智能化精量播種模擬系統主要用于條播排種器和精密（單粒）排種器的排種性能試驗，檢測出排種器的各項性能指標，可在膠帶速度為1.8～12 km/h情況下進行試驗。模擬系統能自動控制排種器轉軸的工作速度、膠帶的運行速度及風機壓力；計算機視覺系統實時監測排種器的工作過程，并利用圖像檢測技術自動精確測得排種器所排種子粒距、粒數等參數，從而計算處理國標試驗要求的合格指數、重播指數和漏播指數等排種性能指標，以及播種精度指標（平均值、標準差、變異系數），并報表打印及輸出頻率直方圖，可存儲原始播種錄像。機械化乳品采集檢測模擬系統在國內首次研制成功擠奶系統脈動性能、擠奶量自動計量裝置性能、真空設備性能在線檢測與遙測、自動脫杯系統提升力測試等4種乳品采集性能模擬試驗與檢測技術裝置與設備。農產品組分和缺陷聲光檢測模擬系統建立了適合西瓜內部品質無損檢測的光源裝置和光譜采集系統、西瓜聲學特性檢測試驗臺、基于聲波信號衰減率的西瓜糖度檢測方法。

關鍵詞：智能化 工況模擬 檢測系統

Abstract：The research of simulation and testing system of the intelligent working condition， studied the simulation and testing technology of intelligent soil-plant-machinery working condition， intelligent precision seeding and mechanical milk collection and testing， and agricultural products components and defects detection technology. Developed intelligent soil-plant-machinery performance simulation system， spraying machinery field operation simulation device， formula fertilization and variable control simulation device， intelligent precision seeding simulation system， mechanical milk collection and testing simulation system， and agricultural products components and defects acousto-optic testing simulation system， etc. All-weather intelligent soil-plant-machinery working condition simulation experiment system， used pit type linear soil bin and orbit to test agricultural machinery， implemented automatic control of tillage depth， output shaft speed and haulage speed， could real-time collect and deal more than 10 data， such as soil firmness， soil moisture content， output shaft speed， etc. used integrated design， integrating soil recovery system， suspension system and testing and control system， developed six component frame force measurement system. All-weather intelligent precision seeding simulation system is mainly used for performance test of drill meter and precision meter； belt can run at 1.8～12 km/h. The system can automatically control meter working speed， belt running speed and fan pressure； Computer vision system can real-time monitor working process， and automatically accurately measure seed number and spacing. Finally， computer prints frequency histogram， and stores the original videos. Mechanical milk collection and testing simulation system developed 4 kinds of milk collection simulation and testing device for the first time in domestic， which including on-line and remote detection of system pulse performance， milking automatic metering device performance and vacuum equipment performance， and testing of automatic lifting force to take off the cup system. Agricultural products components and defects acousto-optic testing simulation system established light device and spectral acquisition system for watermelon internal quality nondestructive testing， watermelon acoustic characteristics testing system， and watermelon sugar detection method based on acoustic signal attenuation.

Key Words：Intelligentize；Working condition simulation；Detecting system

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