Research on Application of Edible Landscape in Rural Tourism： A Case of Dendrobium Landscape in Pu’er City

ZHANG Caihong

【Abstract】With our country's quick urbanization and modernization， the development of Pu'er's rural tourism in Yunnan Province shows a good tendency. So the exploitation and application of rural tourism has attracted increasingly attention from all walks of life. This paper starts with the current conditions and trends of both rural tourism and Dendrobium landscape in Pu'er， and then discusses the necessity and feasibility of the edible landscape application in Rural tourism. Based on this formula， the paper finally probes on the principles and the practical modes of it， in order to create good， healthful and reasonable rural tourist sights， realize its economic value， social value， cultural or spiritual value and ecological value， give a reference for the further study of rural tourism.

【Key words】rural tourism； edible landscape； Puer； application

1. INTRODUCTION

Recently， the income of the people in Pu'er city has increased significantly， and the quality of living standards has further improved. The total income of tourist industry also shows a good tendency. According to statistics released by the Puer Bureau of Statistics， in 2015 the per-capita disposable income of urban residents and the per-capita net income of rural people averaged 22830 yuan and 7914 yuan， a rise of 8.4 percent and 11.5percent respectively， and the tourism revenue totaled 10.752 billion yuan， increased by 19.9 percent in the whole year. During the period of 12th Five-Year， Yunnan invested 30 million yuan as a fund to support the tourism development， and accomplished 200 special villages for tourists. Currently， Mohei County in Ning'er Town， Mangjing Paiaileng Peasant co-operatives in Lancang Town and Yunnan Huge Manor have already entered the national leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration sites list. The uniqueness and attraction of rural tourism landscape is very important to the overall rural tourism environment. It is also the primary problem to be solved to achieve the rational integration of rural tourism functional system under the rural tourism attraction. So， as an important part of rural tourism development， the development and application of rural tourism landscape has received more and more attention from all walks of life.

2. POSSIBILITY and NECESSITY of the EDIBLE LANDSCAPE APPLICATION in RUTAL TOURISM

2.1 The Connotation of Edible Landscape

Edible landscape refers to the landscape which is developed by the eatable plants. It is made in the way of landscape& gardens design and ecological design by using different plants. It gives full consideration of the aesthetic feeling and has comprehensive excellent design on many reasonable elements like vegetables， fruits， flowers， herbs and so on. It also makes the farm， garden， community or other sites become a landscape of rich aesthetic and ecological value. It is a new concept of design， which can promote the practical value and socioeconomic benefits of the landscape effectively.

2.2 Analysis of the Possibility and Necessity

Pu'er City is full of tourism resources， and the tourism products with tea at the core is mature， such as the successful cultivation of tour scenic spots like the China Tea Expo Garden， Qianjia Village Ecotourism Area， Wuliang Mountain Ecotourism Area etc. Pu'er is located in the subtropical zone. It is the largest area of Yunnan province. Being influenced by many factors， including complex and varied terrains and landforms as well as climate， Pu'er is with its unique natural geographical environment， which provides a good environment for the Dendrobium's growth and reproduction. In the whole city， there are 41 kinds of high-quality Dendrobium in total， such as D.hcyrostoxum， Dendrobium loddigesii， D. officinale， D. nobile， D. chxysanthum， D. fimbriatum， D. abumum， D. aphyllum， D. falconeri and so on. It has some of the whole province even the whole country's the largest kinds of Dendrobium. The Dendrobiums here are incredibly beautiful and attractive. Secondly， it significantly contributes to strengthen people's immune system， inhibit tumor growth， provide anti-aging protection， fight fatigue， decrease blood sugar， stimulate the circulation of blood as well as strengthen the heart and lungs. It also has a special curative effect on these following symptoms of excessive smoking and drinking， brain or eyes overworking and hoarseness. For thousands of years， it has been believed to be the top-grade Chinese medicine as the ginseng， glossy ganoderma and Cord yceps sinensis. Thirdly， it is of huge market demands and has a bright future. Since ancient times， Pu'er has been the important producing areas and distributing centers of the Dendrobium for Yunnan province and its major peripheral countries and regions. Currently， with the increasing market demand， Pu'er begin to cultivate the Dendrobium artificially. The Municipal Party Committee and the City Government also attach great importance to the development of Dendrobium industry and try to set up the whole nation's largest industrial base in Pu'er. Therefore， the development and application of Dendrobium edible landscape in Pu'er has a favorable social environment and its own advantages. It shows obvious benefits. It offers much for thought and development of the Pu'er City tourism， especially the rural tourism resources. We must admit that it is of great potential and significance.

3. DISCUSSION on the PRINCIPLES of APPLICATION of EDIBLE LANDSCAPE in RURAL TOURISM

3.1 Natural and Ecological Principle

Natural and ecological principle embodies the idea of sustainable and healthy development， the harmonious coexistence and relationship between human and nature. So， we should give a very high priority to these plants whose shape and growth habit can adapt to the natural and ecological environment when we make a plan for the selection and planting of edible landscape. At the same time， it is also a demand for green health food.

3.2 Special and Practical Principle

Edible landscape is influenced by the impact of seasonal， geographical and other environmental objective factors. Therefore we should take measures to the local conditions， make effective utilization of Pu'er's unique natural and ecological environment advantages to develop the agriculture with local characteristics and competitive industries and cultivate the landscapes which can reflect the regional features. At the same time， the choice of the plants for edible landscape is different from the general landscape plants， we should recognize that the application of edible landscape should have obvious material output， highlighting its unique edible value. In addition， the design and application of the edible landscape should also pay attention to the experience and participation of tourists， follow the practical principles.

3.3 Science and Art Principle

Edible landscape needs scientific guidance at all the stages from the planting， maintenance， picking， harvesting and consumption. Otherwise there will be no high production， good taste or obvious efficacy and so on. At the same time， the design of edible landscape should also pay attention to the beauty of art. For example， the layout of the plant space， the creation of color atmosphere should have a kind of artistic beauty and atmosphere.

3.4 Inheritance and Innovation Principle

With the continuous integration of society and the gradual invasion of foreign culture， the rural characteristics of the rural areas are gradually being assimilated and submerged by the modernization of the city. Edible landscape is a kind of landscape which is spontaneously preserved with local characteristics in the long history of human beings and can adapt to the local natural environment and meet the needs of local people's life. It is the essence of the landscape， the embodiment of the people 's wisdom， the symbol of local characteristics， and also the emotion which can inspire people's homesickness. Therefore， when developing edible landscape， we should pay attention to its history and cultural background as well as ecological protection ideas. Simultaneously， we should integrate more innovative elements to meet modern people's increasing social and material， spiritual and cultural needs .

4. STUDY on the APPLICATION of the PU'ER EDIBLE LANDSCAPE in RURAL TOURISM

4.1 View and Leisure Mode

Dendrobium is rich in color. It is yellow， white， purple， etc. It brings a great pleasant visual effect to tourists. The planting ways of the Dendrobiums are included grouped planting， clustered planting， arranged planting， hanging planting and so on. Because being of unique posture， color and movement， it has a strong appeal and can be the object sight for tourists tourist to visit. The Dendrobium gives the people's living environment a bit of vitality. It is a rare economic crops which is suitable to cultivate， view， admire， and apply. Therefore， we can explore the view and leisure mode according to its characteristics.

4.2 Food Experience Mode

Dendrobium is an edible plant. Its taste is a little light， sweet， glutinous with slippery. When infused with water， it can still keeps its freshness and good taste. And also， we can enjoy its rustic charm and nice scent slowly. The fresh Dendrobium dishes making calls for some high-class cooking techniques and skills and is characterized by local flavor. There's no doubt that it can meet tourists' need for food and enhance their experience during the trip. At the same time， we can lease tourists some land for their leisure time to plant and manage， and the professional staff help them when they go to work. Through the visitors' own experience of planting， management， harvesting and other experience， it can definitely enhance the feeling between the visitors and the edible landscape. The tourists can also experience the fun and satisfaction as well as the hardships. In addition， according to the needs of tourists， we can provide personal Service， such as installing monitoring system in the tourists' leasing premises to help them know the growth of edible landscape plants at home at any time and expand the space experience.

4.3 Health and Recreation Mode

In 1988 Justice proposed that enjoying the natural scenery especially waterscape and plant landscape relax tension， increase alpha brainwaves. That is to say when we drink in the beauty of natural scenery， we can reduce the psychological anxiety and physical tension. Its annual temperate averages 24℃ and forest coverage rate is 68.7% in Pu'er. Due to the large amount of negative ion of oxygen in the air， the environment here is fresh， clean， beautiful and comfortable. It can promote metabolism， improve the mentality and it is suitable for living and health. Pu'er municipal government is also trying to build Pu'er as a renowned health and holiday resort. Depending on the advantage of unique environment and Dendrobium's life and health care itself， it is conducive to carry out the health and recreation Mode.

4.4 Display and Education Mode

Nature is always full of mystery to human beings. It is just this mystery that has aroused people's curiosity and desire to explore the nature， thus has caused travel behavior and motivations. So， we should pay more attention to exchange and cooperate with the government， universities and other social organizations to establish a base for science education or ecological conservation. Only in that way can we realize the aim to spread Dendrobium agricultural knowledge， provide natural and agricultural ecosystems information， broaden people's horizons and increase people's knowledge.

4.5 Tourist Commodity Mode

Tourists often have shopping desire and phenomenon during the trip. Guided by market forces， we should develop new Dendrobium products such as the dry and fresh Dendrobium， Dendrobium beverage， Dendrobium tonic， Dendrobium tourist souvenir， the Dendrobium handicraft and so on to create a number of famous distinguishing shopping brands and meet the tourists' need for tourist souvenir.

5. CONCLUSIONS

From the above analysis， it is not difficult to realize that the application of the edible landscape in rural tourism has a broad space and great significance for the development of farmers， tourists， rural areas， agriculture industry and tourism industry. But at present， the research on this aspect in our country is not enough， and even faces a lot of problems and challenges， especially the difficulties of design technology and design patterns still need to be overcome. Therefore， we should take the edible landscape as one of the key points to deepen the study and promote the development of rural tourism.

References：

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[5]Justice，B.，1988，Think yourself healthy.Prevention，June：100.