透光撫育對(duì)長白山闊葉紅松林冠下紅松光合作用的影響1)

韓麗冬　　　　　　牟長城　　　　　張軍輝

(黑龍江省森林工程與環(huán)境研究所，哈爾濱，150080)　　　(東北林業(yè)大學(xué))　　　(中國科學(xué)院沈陽應(yīng)用生態(tài)研究所)

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透光撫育對(duì)長白山闊葉紅松林冠下紅松光合作用的影響1)

韓麗冬牟長城張軍輝

(黑龍江省森林工程與環(huán)境研究所，哈爾濱，150080)(東北林業(yè)大學(xué))(中國科學(xué)院沈陽應(yīng)用生態(tài)研究所)

摘要以長白山闊葉紅松林為研究對(duì)象，通過對(duì)不同冠層郁閉度冠下生長季節(jié)(5—10月份)紅松光響應(yīng)曲線的測(cè)定，研究透光撫育對(duì)紅松光合作用的影響。結(jié)果顯示：紅松光合作用光響應(yīng)曲線顯著的季節(jié)變化模式反映了紅松對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厮疅岬葰夂驐l件的適應(yīng)性。表觀量子效率與太陽輻射量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=0.9,p<0.05)，溫度和降水解釋了最大凈光合速率季節(jié)變化的70%；暗呼吸速率與日照時(shí)間顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=0.92,p<0.05)。紅松光合作用光響應(yīng)曲線隨冠層郁閉度變化模式清晰。紅松生產(chǎn)力在0～0.3郁閉度組，特別是在0.2～0.3郁閉度組為最優(yōu)，對(duì)應(yīng)的紅松最大凈光合速率最優(yōu)，暗呼吸速率最小。

關(guān)鍵詞長白山；紅松；光合；郁閉度

分類號(hào)S791.247

Effect of Crown Thinning on Photosynthesis of Understory Korean Pine of Broadleaved Korean Pine Mixed Forests in Changbai Mountain

Han Lidong

(Heilongjiang Forestry Engineering and Environment Institute, Harbin 150080, P. R. China); Mu Changcheng(Northeast Forestry University); Zhang Junhui(Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(4)：38-40.

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of crown thinning intensities on photosynthesis of Korean pine with nearly 15-year-old Korean pine forests through the growing season (May to October). The clear pattern ofPn-Qcurves reflected the adoption of Korea pine to local climate. The apparent quantum efficiency was significantly negatively correlated with total solar radiation (r=0.9,p<0.05); Temperature and rainfall explained 70% of variance of maximum photosynthetic rate, and dark respiration rate significantly negatively correlated with solar hours. There were clear patterns in relationship between photosynthesis parameters and canopy density. To get higher productivity, the canopy density in 0-0.3, especially in 0.2-0.3 was the best, and the respiration rate was the lowest and photosynthesis rate was the highest.

KeywordsChangbai Mountain; Korean pine; Photosynthesis; Canopy density

闊葉紅松林是我國溫帶地帶性頂極群落，其生產(chǎn)力高，生物多樣性豐富，穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)。由于大規(guī)模破壞性開發(fā)與不合理利用，原始闊葉紅松林已被天然次生林所取代，這些次生林已經(jīng)失去了原始闊葉紅松林的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，因此恢復(fù)其原有的結(jié)構(gòu)，使其逐步發(fā)展為健康穩(wěn)定的闊葉紅松林，實(shí)現(xiàn)森林的多效益及可持續(xù)利用是東北林區(qū)亟待解決的問題。紅松(Koreanpine)幼年生長緩慢，郁閉成林較晚，給森林恢復(fù)和發(fā)展帶來一定困難。為了提高森林生產(chǎn)量，加快恢復(fù)速度，在目前經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)條件下，通過有效撫育措施進(jìn)行人工誘導(dǎo)是切實(shí)可行的途徑。透光撫育是促進(jìn)闊葉紅松林恢復(fù)與可持續(xù)利用的重要的人工誘導(dǎo)管理措施之一，近年來人們對(duì)其生態(tài)學(xué)后果[1-6]和技術(shù)體系[7-14]等方面都進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。……