非洲鳳仙莖基腐病病原學及藥劑敏感性1)

孫慧穎　陳悅　周默　邊雪　韓雙　白慶榮

(吉林農業大學,長春,130118)

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非洲鳳仙莖基腐病病原學及藥劑敏感性1)

孫慧穎陳悅周默邊雪韓雙白慶榮

(吉林農業大學,長春,130118)

摘要對非洲鳳仙(Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.)莖基腐病的癥狀進行了描述，結合病原形態特征、培養特性及rDNA-ITS序列分析結果，確定該病害由Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG4-HG-Ⅰ融合群引起。病菌的生物學特性研究表明：菌絲較適生長溫度為25～30 ℃；菌絲生長較佳的培養基為OA和PSA，較佳的碳源為D-(+)麥芽糖、α-乳糖和可溶性淀粉，較佳的氮源為硝酸鉀和硝酸鈉；pH=7時菌絲生長最好；光照條件對菌絲生長無影響；菌絲致死條件為51 ℃、10 min。采用生長速率法測定了病菌對30種殺菌劑的敏感性，結果表明，病菌對≥300億個·g(-1)內生芽孢桿菌WP、1 000億個·g(-1)枯草芽孢桿菌WP、25%肟菌·50%戊唑醇WG、40%氟硅唑EC敏感性較高，對其EC(50)<1.0 mg·L(-1)，可以作為田間防治非洲鳳仙莖基腐病的首選殺菌劑。

關鍵詞非洲鳳仙；莖基腐病；病原鑒定；生物學特性；藥劑敏感性

分類號S432.1；S681.1

Pathogen Identification and Fungicides Susceptibility onImpatienswallerianaRoot and Stem Rot

Sun Huiying, Chen Yue, Zhou Mo, Bian Xue, Han Shuang, Bai Qingrong

(Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(3)：101-105.

We described the symptoms ofImpatienswallerianaroot and stem rot disease. Based on the morphology, cultural characteristics of the isolates and ITS sequence, we identified the pathogen asRhizoctoniasolaniKühn AG4-HG-I. The results of the biological characteristics of the pathogen showed that the suitable temperature for mycelial growth was 25 ℃-30 ℃. The optimal media for mycelial growth were OA and PSA. D-(+) Maltobiose, α-lactose，soluble starch, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate were optimal for mycelial growth. The pH of 7 was suitable for mycelial growth. Light had no effect on mycelial growth. The lethal temperature of mycelial was 51 ℃ for 10 min. The susceptibility of the pathogen to 30 fungicides was detected by mycelial growth rate method. The pathogen was more sensitive to Endophytic Bacillus WP, Bacillus Subtilis WP, Trifloxystrobin·Tebuconazole 25%·50% WG, Flusilazole 40% EC, EC50<1.0 mg/L.

KeywordsImpatiens walleriana; Root and stem rot; Pathogen identification; Biological characteristics; Laboratory toxicity

非洲鳳仙(ImpatienswalleranaHook. f.)為鳳仙花科(Balsaminaceae)，鳳仙花屬(Impatiens)植物,俗名蘇丹鳳仙花、玻璃翠，為多年生肉質草本植物,是草花中最耐陰的品種之一，適合于涼臺、室內盆栽，也可做成吊盆等掛于窗前、樹上或用于樹蔭下的綠化材料[1-3]。非洲鳳仙原產非洲東部熱帶地區,鳳仙花屬主要分布于熱帶非洲、印度、西南亞、中國南部和日本的大部分地區[4]。非洲鳳仙在北方地區多用作1年生栽培應用[5]。目前，在我國北京植物園熱帶溫室[2]以及沈陽[5]、哈爾濱[6]等地均有栽培。2013年2月，在長春市春蓮花卉基地非洲鳳仙育苗圃發現莖基腐病，發病率高達45%，對非洲鳳仙的生產造成嚴重危害；……