Analysis Of The Rural Labor Force Transfer Policy Under The Background Of Industrial Structure Adjustment

Abstract：From Chinese economic structure is in the context of industrial restructuring， we analyze the characteristics of the current phase of the transfer of rural labor force， and from the perspective of applied economics explores the impact of industrial restructuring on the transfer of rural labor brought about， so as to arrive at this stage adjustment of industrial structure under the background of the rural labor force transfer strategies.

Key words：Industrial restructuring； Rural； Labor； Transfer

Since nearly 30 years of reform and opening， Chinese economic development has maintained a rapid and stable state， industrial structure adjustment and upgrading， especially in the southeast coastal areas， represented by the emergence of new industries， attracting a large number of rural labor transfer . After the different age structure of rural labor transfer industry has different characteristics， prior to the early 1990s， most of the transfer of rural labor to cities are engaged in labor-intensive， low value-added industries， basically in a type of recklessness transfer after entering the new century， with the improvement of some of the rural labor force and escalating cultural quality of the industrial structure， a large number of rural labor force has entered the stage of active choice industry， while the choice of the rural labor force will cause some of the industrial structure reaction， to a certain extent， affected the direction of upgrading the industrial structure.

Meanwhile， the transfer of rural labor to non-agricultural industry is the inevitable result of a country at the current stage of industrial restructuring， the transfer of rural labor force will not only affect the development and improve the living standards of farmers in rural areas of the economy， but also in large part on national very great impact on economic development. On the other hand， the process of transfer of rural labor force will bring many new problems， the parties will each face economic and political society have brought new challenges， therefore， the current stage， and constantly improve the rural labor force in the industrial structure adjustment transfer strategies in the context of great significance.

1. Analysis Of Rural Labor Generated Under The Industrial Restructuring Impact

Economic development will inevitably lead to the changing needs of the community， along with the industrial structure will inevitably change， and as an important part of the factors of production， labor is bound to change as the industry structure constantly transferred. Our country is currently in a transition phase of labor-intensive industries to capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries transformed gradually from the rural labor force in this process from the agricultural industry out into other industries which provide strong support for economic development economic development and provide more employment opportunities for the rural labor force.

Industrial structure adjustment of the transfer of rural labor impact is mainly reflected in the following two aspects.First， new industries will absorb more of the rural labor force， new industries will continue to grow in the process of adjusting the industrial structure， created jobs will continue to increase. Some of the rural labor force with certain skills in after a brief training and learning will soon be put into new industries， thus contributing to its development， which is the adjustment of industrial structure to absorb rural labor force. Second， with the level of development of some industries gradually increase it progressively more sophisticated industry segments， which led to the overall quality of the industry's labor force rising， some of the rural labor force can not meet the development needs of the industry， and thus eliminated from the industry ， to transfer to other industries. This is the industrial restructuring of the rural labor force exclusion.

2. Analysis Of The Characteristics Transfer Of Rural Labor Force Now

（1） Transfer of rural labor between urban and rural areas

Transfer of rural labor between urban and rural areas are currently the main form of rural labor transfer. China's current stage of labor transfer is one-way flow manner， that is， the transfer of rural labor to cities will， and will not transfer to the urban labor force in rural areas. Because the impact of rural collective land and all the household registration system， even if the city wanted to move to the rural labor force in rural areas will not accept these workers to enter.

Transfer of rural labor to urban areas is an important way to realize the development of China's urbanization， but also an inevitable trend in the industrialized countries in the world development. Since the reform and opening up， China's urban construction of rural surplus labor would have a greater reliance on migrant workers can work in a more hostile environment， and wages are relatively low， so that they can take more advantage in the competition. Rural Labor was willing primarily from the countryside into the cities in order to obtain income differences. The agricultural industry as more primitive industry has been unable to meet at this stage most of the needs of farmers， will inevitably lead them to shift to other industries， so as to enter the city were.

The current phase of the rural labor force transfer between the big cities， there are still 1 \"two-way flow\" characteristics. Due to residence restrictions， an increase in the cost of big city life and many other factors， the rural labor force is difficult to find a stable job to maintain their lives in the city， most of the migrant rural workers hope to home buyers in the city's desire often difficult to achieve， especially in cross-regional migrant workers even more slim hope， we will eventually need to return home， which emerged from rural to urban areas， and ultimately returned to the countryside 1 \"two-way flow\" in recent years， Anhui， Guizhou. Sichuan and other labor-exporting provinces， the gradual emergence of the phenomenon of labor reflux.

（2） Rural labor transfer among regions

Nationwide， rural labor transfer direction of our country， basically from the less developed regions to the southeast coastal areas of the Midwest. Inter-regional transfer of labor mainly because of differences in the uneven economic development between different regions has industrial structure and layout， the southeast coast of China is opening up a window of reform and opening is the first choice southeast coastal areas as a pilot， so the southeast coast of the economy a higher level with respect to central and western regions， the economic base is mainly based on industries， have been all kinds of capital influx， which led to the demand for labor increases， labor market supply and demand led to the return obtained with respect to the higher in other regions， in order to attract the influx of rural labor in the Midwest to the southeast coastal areas. Effect of the rural labor force in the region is an important factor is the difference between the transfer of the level of urbanization， the lower town area covered， the greater the base of the rural labor force， so that the employment pressure is also greater. Since each of the geographical distribution of the population there is a big difference， the urbanization rate also there is a big difference. Southeast coastal urbanization rate， so a higher level of management， the rural labor force has a greater appeal， so that it just use cheap labor.

（3） Rural labor transfer among industry

Chinese current rural labor transfer in inter-industry refers to the transfer between the secondary and tertiary industries， namely the transfer of farmers from agriculture to construction， transportation and other non-agricultural industries. Since reform and opening up， the state has increased investment in secondary and tertiary industries， the secondary and tertiary industries in China's economic structure was occupied by the increasing proportion of improving the main structure of the rural economy， but also for the rural labor force to provide more employment opportunities.

The so-called process is the process of industrialization from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture， modern service industry and modern industrial economy. In the initial stage of industrialization， mainly in labor-intensive enterprises continue to absorb rural labor， lower production of these enterprises for labor skill requirements， while the large number of requests. With the accumulation of large-scale social division of labor and capital deepening， on the one hand the number of transferred out of the process from the traditional agricultural labor force continued to increase， while on the other hand， industrial need for labor quality has continued to grow， leading to rural labor force in the industrial been gradually phased out. Meanwhile， China's manufacturing industry has developed to a higher stage， falling labor costs and profits resulting manufacturing companies can not absorb more through labor， which will inevitably lead to the rural labor force shift from industrial to tertiary industries. After China's accession to WTO， the production and living industry， represented by the extraordinarily rapid development of tertiary industry， the rural labor absorption capacity is also growing， the tertiary industry in our country but also the economic prosperity and development of industrial restructuring inevitable development law. Tertiary industry still belong to labor-intensive enterprises， less demanding on the quality of the staff， while the tertiary industry is the consumer and service industries， little affected by the macroeconomic environment， development and stability， at the current stage of the rural labor force has continued sexual needs.

3. Suggestions Of The Current Rural Labor Transfer

According to the latest economic statistics and theoretical analysis can be concluded that the adjustment of industrial structure for the transfer of rural labor force there is a big influence， industrial restructuring is an inevitable law of economic development， not only to optimize the current industrial structure， but also to promote development of employment structure， but also the free movement of labor requirements. Improve the transfer of rural labor obstacles not only conducive to the development of the rural economy standards， the development of urban construction also has an important role in promoting， but also can improve rural labor transfer economic benefits to a large extent. In the following， the discussion relevant to the progressive policies of the current stage of rural labor transfer.

（1） Industrial restructuring efforts to enhance the transfer of space

Industrial restructuring is essential for economic development， providing more space for the transfer of rural labor force. The current phase of industrial restructuring should first increase the development of modern agriculture and promote the industrialization of agriculture development. China's current industrial structure of agriculture is still a big market， small farmers and the combination of the structure， to which we can vigorously promote the industrial management of agriculture， set the power supply to solve the contradiction between small farmers and large market among small farmers. In the upper reaches of modern agricultural industrial chain， we should provide， including the supply of production， science and technology services and other train services， and in the downstream industry chain， should continue to extend the length of the chain， to increase efforts to support agro-industry， agricultural products bring more added value. In business terms， the modern marketing of agricultural products should make full use of the current emerging business models such as Internet sales， expanding sales channels of agricultural products， which can directly sell agricultural products， reduce intermediate turnaround times， to enhance the profits of farmers has Significance. At the same time should take various measures to enhance farmer-market linkages， for example， take the \"Farm\"， \"company + farmers\"， \"professional wholesale + farmers\" and other means so that farmers face the market， so that farmers directly involved in the operation go， farmers can also be based on market conditions， and actively improve the species grown agricultural products.

Another aspect of the adjustment of industrial structure adjustment of industrial structure. The current industrial structure adjustment， industrial restructuring is still the manufacturing sector， China's manufacturing industry is currently faced with overcapacity， lack of innovative capacity and other features. Therefore， the manufacturing industry restructuring should increase high-tech R D investment， the development of advanced manufacturing industry， and enhance its ability to absorb rural labor force. Since the reform and opening up China's economic development， private enterprises， foreign-funded enterprises， small and medium enterprises' demand for rural labor biggest， but also the main form of manufacturing. We need to optimize based on current investment policies on promoting the development of more enterprises through financial support， policy and the like.

（2） Promote urbanization， the development of township enterprises

Development of township enterprises， can guide the rural labor force to achieve local transfer， the transfer of rural labor to save costs， improve transfer efficiency is of great significance. The current stage of development of township enterprises is very uneven， in the southeast coastal areas， due to the high level of urbanization， many companies continue to expand the autonomy to rural areas， a larger number of township enterprises in central and western regions， the level of economic development is relatively weak， small number of township enterprises， but can not form a certain scale of the industry.

First， development of township enterprises should vigorously promote the development of talent introduction system， and strive to improve the overall strength of enterprises， innovation and development， and enhance the township enterprises for labor absorption capacity. Because services and other secondary and tertiary industries demand for venture capital is unlikely， but the labor absorption capacity is very strong characteristics， in rural areas and smaller cities in the Midwest， should vigorously develop the service industry， logistics， catering the development of wholesale and retail companies， in order to achieve the transfer of rural labor force in situ. It also should coordinate the development of urban development and town relations， give full play to the level of economic advantages and characteristics of the radiation center of the city， promote the development of small and medium surrounding satellite towns and surrounding towns.

（3） Improve the rural labor force to establish a social security system

Degree of perfection of social security mechanism for the transfer of rural labor force tends to have a significant impact， and improve the protection mechanism can solve the rural labor transfer process to worry about. Improving Rural Labors' Social Security Mechanism perfect start first from the work injury protection system， the rural labor force after entering the city， mostly engaged in some manual labor or work with a certain risk， in the course of their work are susceptible to a variety of hurt. Therefore， we are currently the most urgent requirement is to protect the rural labor force after being migrant injury can receive timely medical treatment and disability after the health and life can be effectively protected. The current phase of the rural labor injury protection system is not perfect， basic or using a temporary rescue measure， this security system has been unable to meet the needs of the rural labor force. We need to build new rural migrant labor force in the industrial injury protection system based on the principle of universality.

Rural social security system of labor also include serious illness relief system and the social assistance system. In the treatment of serious illness， it is recommended employers and local governments and NGOs to increase the degree of illness of the rural labor force concern， to a certain extent， share the medical pressure faced by rural labor. It should also be based on occupational characteristics of rural labor to strengthen the supervision of occupational diseases and to take certain precautions， such as regular inspection system of occupational disease can be established. In the social assistance system， the local government should be taken to gradually remove barriers to urban and rural relief system， and gradually establish urban and rural social relief system， improve the social security system， which enhance the living environment of the rural labor force has important significance.

（4） Increased investment in education， improve their overall quality of rural labor

With the continued economic development of the knowledge-based economy will gradually increase the proportion of occupied， therefore， the overall quality of the rural labor force can make the rural labor force to occupy more advantages in the competition.

\"Education should start with children，\" to enhance the cultural quality of the individual from the stage of basic education at the beginning of the start， to enhance the cultural quality of young people in rural areas. Nine-year compulsory education has become China's basic national policy， but with the improvement of the overall cultural level of junior high school education has gradually keep up with the needs of economic development in the next period of time， high school education should be gradually spread. Second， we should continue to increase funding for education in rural areas of financial investment to improve the treatment of teachers in rural areas， to attract more outstanding teachers to join the rural education to improve rural education environment from the software and hardware aspects.

On the other hand， should increase efforts to develop vocational education in rural areas. Currently， there are still a number of rural areas is not high cultural level of the population， they can not do the job directly to the cultural level requirements slightly higher. However， through vocational training， but enable them to acquire practical skills needed for the actual situation， and enhance competitiveness.Vocational training in rural areas through a variety of ways， either through field training committee concentrated， can also take advantage of the current network environment developed， targeted to carry out online training， it can also be made in the city streets， enterprises and other for the migrant workers to provide more short-term training.

4. Conclusion

Economic development process of the adjustment of industrial structure of the current transfer of rural labor force have had a greater impact on the formation of the rural labor force between industries and continue to transfer between regions， but also to adjust the direction of Labor. We need to increase from the current phase of industrial restructuring， the development of township enterprises， improve the social security system， increased investment in education and other aspects of continuous improvement direction and speed the transfer of rural labor force to better serve China's economic construction services . At the same time an important issue of the transfer of rural labor force is faced with long-term， there are not only many of the current unresolved issues， but also new problems emerging， worth more scholars further study.