左應紅 朱金輝(西北核技術研究所 強脈沖輻射環(huán)境模擬與效應國家重點實驗室 西安 710024)
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不同級钚材料的衰變放熱功率計算分析
左應紅朱金輝
(西北核技術研究所強脈沖輻射環(huán)境模擬與效應國家重點實驗室西安710024)
摘要钚材料中放射性核素會不斷衰變并釋放能量,改變钚材料及周圍部件的溫度。為研究不同級钚材料在其整裝存儲及運輸過程中衰變放熱功率隨時間的變化規(guī)律,依據(jù)不同級钚材料的放射性核素組分,在分析核素級聯(lián)衰變規(guī)律的基礎上,并在物理模型中考慮衰變時的能量分支比,計算得到了武器級钚、反應堆級和混合級钚材料中各核素的衰變放熱功率和總熱功率隨時間的演變規(guī)律。計算結(jié)果表明,1kg不同級的钚材料,其衰變放熱功率最大的是混合級钚,放熱最少的是武器級钚;武器級钚材料衰變放熱功率主要來自于239Pu,而反應堆級與混合級钚材料的衰變放熱功率主要來自于241Pu和238Pu。三種不同級钚材料中,242Pu的衰變放熱功率均很小。考慮能量分支比后,可更準確地計算給出钚材料的衰變熱功率。
關鍵詞武器級钚,反應堆級钚,混合級钚,衰變放熱功率
強脈沖輻射環(huán)境模擬與效應國家重點實驗室基礎研究基金項目(No.SKLIPR1505)資助
第一作者:左應紅,男,1987年出生,2014年于清華大學獲博士學位,研究領域為核技術及應用
SupportedbyBasicStudyProgramofStateKeyLaboratoryofIntensePulsedRadiationSimulationandEffect(No.SKLIPR1505)
Firstauthor:ZUOYinghong,male,bornin1987,graduatedfromTsinghuaUniversitywithadoctor’sdegreein2014,focusingonnucleartechnologyand applications
Analysis of decay heat power generation for plutonium with various grades
ZUOYinghongZHUJinhui
(State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi’an 710024, China)
Abstract Background:Radioactivenuclidescontainedinplutoniummaterialwillcontinuallydecayandrelease energy,whichwillchangethetemperatureofplutoniummaterialsandthesurroundingcomponents.Purpose:This studyaimstoanalyzethereleasingheatpowerofvariousgradesplutoniummaterialsintheprocessofbulkstorage andtransportationofplutonium.Methods:Accordingtotheisotopicqualitycompositionofvariousgradesplutonium,thetimeevolutionsofdecayheatpowerofeachradioactivenuclidecontainedinweaponsgradeplutonium,reactor gradeplutonium,andmixedoxidegradeplutoniumareobtained.Andthetotaldecayheatpowerofvariousgrades plutoniumasafunctionoftimeisalsocalculated,onthebasisoftheanalysisofradionuclidedecaycascade regulation,withtheenergybranchingratiosduringdecayinthephysicalmodeltakenintoconsideration. Results: The calculationresultsshowedthatthedecayheatpowervariedwiththegradesofplutoniummaterial.For1-kgdifferent gradesplutoniummaterial,themaximumdecayheatpowerquantityisreleasedbymixedoxidegradeplutonium,whiletheweaponsgradeplutoniumreleasestheleastdecayheatpowerquantity.Theheatpowerreleasedbyweapons gradeplutoniumismainlyfrom239Pu,whilethemainheatpowerisfrom241Puand238Puforthereactorandmixed oxidegradeplutoniummaterial.Thedecayheatpowerreleasedby242Puisfewcomparedwithothernuclidesforthe threegradesofplutoniummaterials.Conclusion:Thereleasingdecayheatpowerofplutoniummaterialscanbe calculatedmoreaccuratelybyconsideringtheenergybranchingratios.
Key words Weaponsgradeplutonium,Reactorgradeplutonium,Mixedoxidegradeplutonium,Decayheatpower
钚材料是一種非常重要的核材料,具有很重要的軍事和民用價值[1]。钚材料在整裝存儲及運輸?shù)冗^程中,其所包含的放射性核素,絕大多數(shù)是不穩(wěn)定的,它們會在自發(fā)衰變的同時放出射線和能量,進而使钚材料及其周圍部件的溫度發(fā)生變化[2]。……