戴群瑤 楊智云
面神經MR成像技術及臨床應用
戴群瑤楊智云*
面神經直徑小,走行迂曲,難以完整顯示。MRI具有高分辨力,對顯示面神經及其病變具有重要作用。各種新序列的開發和應用提高了面神經MRI顯示率。面神經功能障礙將導致面部肌肉癱瘓,嚴重影響病人的生活質量和容貌。面神經MR成像有助于明確面癱原因、顯示周圍病變與面神經的關系,對術前評估、術中保護面神經具有重要臨床應用價值。就近年來對面神經MR成像技術及其臨床應用的研究予以綜述。
面神經;磁共振成像;擴散張量成像;穩態自由進動成像
DOI:10.19300/j.2016.Z3653
【Abstract】As the facial nerve has a small diameter and complex course,complete tracking is very difficult.With high resolution,magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in evaluating the facial nerve and its lesions.The development and application of new magnetic resonance sequences have improved the demonstration facial nerve.Facial nerve dysfunction paralyzes facial muscles,and therefore seriously affects patient's quality of life and appearance.Magnetic resonance imaging of facial nerve may help in determining the cause of facial paralysis and showing the relationship between lesions and facial nerve,and it has great clinical values in preoperative assessment and intra-operative protection of facial nerve.In this paper,magnetic resonance imaging approaches of facial nerve and their clinical application were reviewed.
【Key words】Facial nerve;Magnetic resonance imaging;Diffusion tensor imaging;Steady-state free precession imaging
Int J Med Radiol,2016,39(2):127-132;145
面神經細小,解剖結構復雜,各種先天性、炎性、感染性、外傷性以及腫瘤性病變都可以導致面神經功能障礙。另外,面神經功能也受鄰近組織如顳骨、腮腺等病變的影響,手術也可導致面神經損傷引起面癱。據文獻[1]報道,中耳手術造成面癱的概率為0.6%~3.7%,再次手術時為4%~10%。另外,一項Meta分析顯示,大型聽神經瘤手術中面神經解剖保留率為88.8%,功能保留率僅為62.9%[2]。面神經損傷可導致周圍性面癱,表現為患側面部表情喪失、前額皺紋消失、眉毛下垂、瞼裂擴大、流淚、鼻唇溝變淺,患側口角下垂,歪向健側,嚴重影響病人的生活質量和容貌。因此,準確地顯示面神經及其病變具有重要意義。目前常用的面神經檢查技術有超聲、CT、MRI等。超聲可以顯示和評估面神經顱外段病變。高分辨力顳骨CT對面神經管的顯示具有優勢,可以根據骨質情況間接提示面神經的情況,但不能直接顯示面神經。……