世界六大最具特色的動(dòng)物園

By+Andréa+Fernandes++++Jasmin

1. The High-altitude Zoo （Darjeeling， India）

The only specialized zoo in India and the largest high-altitude zoo in India， Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park （also known as Darjeeling Zoo）， specializes in breeding animals for alpine1） conditions， including Snow Leopards， Tibetan Wolves， Red Pandas and Himalayan Newts. The zoo is also home to Blue Sheep， Blood Pheasants and Bhutan Grey Peacock Pheasants， Satyr Tragopans and Himalayan Monals.

The zoo was established in 1958 as the Himalayan Zoological Park. It was renamed in 1975 when then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi dedicated the zoo to the memory of Padmaja Naidu， the former governor of West Bengal.

2. The Biblical Zoo （Jerusalem， Israel）

The Tisch Family Zoological Gardens in Jerusalem， also known as Jerusalem Biblical Zoo， highlights a collection of animals featured in the Hebrew Bible. The narrow focus has been difficult for the zoo to maintain， since many of the Bible's animals are now extinct in Israel. The terms used in the Bible to name animals are also somewhat ambiguous2）， leading to some uncertainty over which animals are actually discussed. The zoo now includes a variety of endangered species in addition to the biblical animals， and it has become known for its breeding programs， which have enabled it to reintroduce at least 11 species to Israel's nature reserves.

Since its inception3） in 1940， the zoo has moved several times， but today it resides in the Malha valley. The park includes trees and shrubs4） mentioned in the Bible， an artificial wall called Moses' Rock and a "two-story， boat-shaped wooden visitor's center meant to resemble Noah's Ark".

3. The Sanctuary for Rescued Animals

（New Jersey， USA）

New Jersey is home to Popcorn Park Zoo， a sanctuary for abandoned， injured， ill， exploited5）， abused and elderly animals. The small zoo—housing just 200 animals on 7 acres—has been nurturing rescued animals since 1977. The animals range from foxes， geese and deer to lions， tigers and bears （oh my！）. They also have rescued dogs and cats that are available for adoption.

When I was a child visiting the park with my grandparents， my favorite animal was an elephant with an injured trunk， who was followed around the park by a little troop of ducklings. The elephant would use its trunk to pet and herd the ducklings.

1. 高海拔動(dòng)物園 （印度的大吉嶺）

作為印度唯一一座專門的動(dòng)物園和印度最大的高海拔動(dòng)物園，帕德馬賈·奈杜喜馬拉雅動(dòng)物園（也被稱為大吉嶺動(dòng)物園）專門飼養(yǎng)在高山條件下生存的動(dòng)物，包括雪豹、藏狼、小熊貓和喜馬拉雅蠑螈。這座動(dòng)物園里還居住著巖羊、血雉、不丹灰孔雀雉、紅胸角雉和喜馬拉雅虹雉。

該動(dòng)物園建于1958年，當(dāng)時(shí)叫做喜馬拉雅動(dòng)物園。1975年，時(shí)任印度總理英迪拉·甘地為紀(jì)念西孟加拉邦前邦長帕德馬賈·奈杜而將動(dòng)物園改名。

2.圣經(jīng)動(dòng)物園 （以色列的耶路撒冷）

耶路撒冷的蒂施家族動(dòng)物園也被稱為耶路撒冷圣經(jīng)動(dòng)物園，其特色在于這里匯集了《希伯來圣經(jīng)》中所描寫的動(dòng)物。這樣狹窄的關(guān)注范圍一度使得該動(dòng)物園難以為繼，因?yàn)椤妒ソ?jīng)》中的許多動(dòng)物如今在以色列已經(jīng)滅絕。而且，《圣經(jīng)》中曾經(jīng)用來指稱動(dòng)物的詞語也有些模糊，造成了對(duì)于實(shí)際所指動(dòng)物的不確定。現(xiàn)在該動(dòng)物園里除了《圣經(jīng)》中的動(dòng)物外，還有各種各樣的瀕危動(dòng)物。此外，該動(dòng)物園還以其育種計(jì)劃而為人所知——該動(dòng)物園已經(jīng)將至少11種動(dòng)物重新引入了以色列的自然保護(hù)區(qū)。

自1940年建立之初，該動(dòng)物園已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過數(shù)次搬遷，現(xiàn)在坐落于馬勒哈山谷。這座動(dòng)物園里有《圣經(jīng)》中提到的樹木和灌木叢、一座被叫做“摩西之石”的人造墻，以及一個(gè)“意在模仿諾亞方舟的木制雙層船型游客中心”。

3.獲救動(dòng)物庇護(hù)所（美國新澤西州）

新澤西有一所爆米花公園動(dòng)物園，這里是被拋棄、被虐待、被利用的動(dòng)物以及受傷、病弱、衰老動(dòng)物的庇護(hù)所。這個(gè)小小的動(dòng)物園占地只有七英畝，收留了僅200只動(dòng)物，從1977年就開始養(yǎng)育獲救動(dòng)物。這里的動(dòng)物種類廣泛，從狐貍、鵝、鹿到獅子、老虎、熊（天吶！），應(yīng)有盡有，還有獲救的狗和貓供人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)。

我兒時(shí)曾和祖父母一起去這座動(dòng)物園參觀，當(dāng)時(shí)最喜歡的動(dòng)物是一頭鼻子受了傷的大象，它在園子里四處走動(dòng)時(shí)，身后總跟著一小隊(duì)小鴨子。這頭大象會(huì)用鼻子輕拍那些小鴨子，把它們聚在一起。

4. The Home for Birds of Prey

（Gloucestershire County， UK）

The International Centre for Birds of Prey （ICBP） is located in Gloucestershire， UK. The Centre was originally established in 1967 as the Falconry6） Centre by the Glasier family7）， aiming to educate people about birds of prey and teach falconry.

It now houses some 60 species of owls and other birds of prey. At any given time， the Centre has about 20 to 40 trained birds residing in its Hawk Walk， an assortment8） of birds that rotates throughout the year to give the birds a break from the spotlight. The trained birds are used in flying demonstrations at the ICBP.

5. The World's Most Northern Zoo

（Norway， Scandinavia）

Norway's Polar Zoo is the world's most northern zoo and the zoo with the biggest area per animal ratio. Spread over 114 acres， the zoo focuses on creating a "Scandinavian wilderness experience"， showcasing animals in their natural habitats. The cold-weather animals include wolves and bears as well as red deer， reindeer， moose and musk ox.

The Polar Zoo offers some unique experiences， including a wolf camp and fox camp in which you can get up close and personal with socialized wolves and foxes， respectively. You can also go "photo guiding"， during which a keeper will take you inside enclosures9） to take "the perfect picture"， or join the wolves for a "howl night"， in which you not only meet the wolves inside their enclosure but also howl with them.

6. The Harem's10） Zoo （Giza， Egypt）

Egypt's Giza Zoo， an 80-acre zoological garden encompassing Giza's largest park， first opened in 1891 on land that was once part of the harem gardens. The original collection of animals was taken from the private zoo of Imsa'il Pasha， the Khedive11） of Egypt from 1863 to 1879. The harem building itself served as a natural history museum from 1890 through 1902.

Today， the zoo houses a wide variety of animals， but the architectural and botanical12） features are just as fascinating. The garden roads are paved with black stone flags from Trieste， and footpaths are done in mosaic13） designs. The zoo includes a suspension14） bridge designed by Gustave Eiffel （of Eiffel Tower fame） that allows visitors to view the animals from above； it is thought to be the world's first elevated15） viewing area in a zoo. There are also five grottos16） and a Japanese building.

4.猛禽之家（英國的格洛斯特郡）

國際猛禽中心位于英國的格洛斯特郡，該中心最初由格萊西爾家族于1967年建立，本是作為獵鷹訓(xùn)練中心使用，目的是教授人們關(guān)于猛禽的知識(shí)和馴鷹術(shù)。

這里現(xiàn)有約60種貓頭鷹及其他猛禽。任何時(shí)候都約有20～40種接受過訓(xùn)練的鳥棲息在該園的飛鷹世界——不同種類的鳥兒們可以在一年內(nèi)輪流棲息于此，從而遠(yuǎn)離公眾視線，得以休息休息。接受過訓(xùn)練的鳥兒會(huì)在國際猛禽中心被用于飛行展示。

5.世界上最靠北的動(dòng)物園

（斯堪的納維亞半島的挪威）

挪威的極地動(dòng)物園是世界上最靠北的動(dòng)物園，也是世界上動(dòng)物密度最小的動(dòng)物園。該動(dòng)物園占地超過114英畝，致力于創(chuàng)造 “斯堪的納維亞式的野外體驗(yàn)”，在其自然棲息地展示動(dòng)物。這些在嚴(yán)寒氣候下生活著的動(dòng)物有狼、熊，還有馬鹿、馴鹿、駝鹿以及麝香牛。

極地動(dòng)物園還提供一些獨(dú)特的體驗(yàn)，比如與狼露營或者與狐貍露營，你可以分別近距離親身接觸已經(jīng)社會(huì)化的狼和狐貍。你還可以參加“拍照向?qū)А保粋€(gè)飼養(yǎng)員會(huì)帶你進(jìn)入圍場，你可以拍到與動(dòng)物親密接觸的“完美的照片”，或者加入狼群來個(gè)“狂嗥之夜”——該活動(dòng)讓你不僅可以在圍場內(nèi)見到狼群，還可以和它們一起嗥叫。

6.后宮動(dòng)物園（埃及的吉薩）

埃及的吉薩動(dòng)物園占地80英畝，其地域覆蓋了吉薩最大的公園。1891年該動(dòng)物園在曾隸屬于后宮花園的土地上開園，最早一批動(dòng)物來自時(shí)任埃及總督伊姆薩伊爾·帕夏（1863～1879年在任）的私人動(dòng)物園。而后宮建筑本身則在1890～1902年間被用作了自然歷史博物館。

如今，該動(dòng)物園飼養(yǎng)著多種多樣的動(dòng)物，而其建筑風(fēng)格和園內(nèi)植物也同樣迷人。動(dòng)物園的馬路鋪著來自的里雅斯特的黑色方石板，人行道上鑲嵌著各種拼花圖案。該動(dòng)物園還有一座古斯塔夫·埃菲爾（因設(shè)計(jì)埃菲爾鐵塔而聞名）設(shè)計(jì)的吊橋，使游客可以從高處觀察動(dòng)物；這被認(rèn)為是世界上第一個(gè)動(dòng)物園里的高空觀景區(qū)。這里還有五個(gè)巖洞和一棟日式建筑。