中國與南南合作經驗談

By Hossam Hussein 譯/陳杰

中國與南南合作經驗談

China and South - South Cooperation Experiences

By Hossam Hussein 譯/陳杰

研修班學員參觀杭州產業園區

2015年5月12日到6月1日，我第二次來到中國，參加由中國商務部主辦、中國國家外國專家局承辦的“發展中國家智力引進和國際化人才培養管理官員研修班”。我第一次來中國是參加發展中國家優惠貸款培訓，學習如何向中國申請優惠貸款，以及中國如何應對2008年金融危機的經驗。

For the second time, I was nominated by my Country “Egypt” to participate in a “Seminar for Introducing Foreign Expertise and Global Professionals” organized by the State Administration for Foreign Expertise Affairs(SAFEA) and sponsored by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce on the period from May 12- June 1, 2015 in Beijing and Hangzhou. This is my second experience in China as in the first one it was for a Seminar on Chinese Concessional loans to Developing Countries that we discussed at the time the mechanisms for any Country to apply for this loans besides how China faced the financial crisis that took place in 2008.

在這次活動中，我和其他發展中國家學員一起參觀了北京和杭州的眾多企業、機構，例如吉利汽車、智慧E谷、中國計量科學院和萬向集團等。我對所參觀的中國企業充滿興趣，這些企業取得了很大成就，尤其是在可持續發展領域，我希望這些企業能來我們國家投資。此外，在研修中我們也了解了中國始終堅持對外開放的政策，學習了中國如何借鑒其他國家的發展經驗，如何吸引海外人才等方面的措施。

In this Seminar I and my fellow participants from developing countries have got the opportunity to visit different Chinese companies like BOE, Geely, E-intelligence valley, Inventronics, Zhejiang Jingu Wheel Group, China National Institute for Metrology, Alice Rose Technology and Sino-Yacht Eagle. I was so interested about the Chinese companies we visited through this seminar to come and investin our countries due to their massive achievements especially with regard to sustainable development. Besides lectures enriched with good practices of how China benefit from other experiences and attracting overseas foreign experiences in the light of Chinese continuous open-up policy to the outside world.

善于學習 廣泛借鑒

Learning from foreign experiences

結合自己和其他學者的經驗，我認為中國善于從自身及其他國家的發展經驗中學習，而且這種學習已經制度化，形成了慣例，這一點從中國國家主席習近平的政策就可以看出：廣泛借鑒其他國家的發展經驗。

According to my experience beside other scholars in development experience, we found that China has institutionalized a learning process to capture lessons from its own experience and that of others; that was reflected in the policy of the Chinese new leader Xi Jinping no matter from where comes development through learning from foreign experiences. This led to Chinese leaders to call Chinese overseas to return back to China, the role of an overseas Chinese in the development of the mainland’s economy has repeatedly been emphasized as a key factor for China’s overall ascension into the global competitive arena.

在這樣的背景下，中國領導人鼓勵海外華人回國發展。海外華人在中國經濟發展中所發揮的巨大作用，不斷地被認為是中國在全球競爭中保持強大競爭力的關鍵因素。

A few years ago, Beijing officials publicly encouraged foreign-living Chinese to return to the motherland and contribute to China’s imminent prosperity. From the perspective of the government officials, the motivation to promote their return is clear. Overseas Chinese bring with them a wealth of trade contacts, new ideas and capital, all of which will inevitably add value and more stability to an economy that is bursting at the seams.

幾年前，北京政府就開始鼓勵居住在海外的華人回國，為中國的美好明天努力奮斗。政府鼓勵海外人才回國的態度很明確，海外華人帶回了一批貿易合同、資金和新的觀念，保證了中國經濟的持續穩定發展。當今，這些“回流者”很自然地在本地勞動力市場占有獨特優勢，隨后，他們會在中國品牌向海外進軍中占據重要的地位。

The so-called “returnees” have naturally a distinct advantage today over the local Chinese, and subsequently, they hold many desirable positions in multinational companies in China.

但我認為，中國除了建立相關法律和法規來吸引管理海外人才來華工作、長期定居之外，應使用競爭性人才系統以提高執政能力建設和人力資源升級，以吸引人才和海外專家來中國工作。

However China needs a competitive intelligence system in capacity building and human resources upgrading to attract talents and foreign experts to work in China besides issuing laws and regulations to organize the attraction of foreign talents to come, work and even living in China.

我也很喜歡此次承辦單位國家外國專家局培訓中心介紹的項目管理職業認證（PMP），國際公共管理協會職業認證（IPMA-CP）以及管理會計認證（CMA）等證書，我認為這些證書對于國際貿易，對于不同行業的管理者都非常重要，是人力資源開發和企業實施戰略和促進發展的重要工具。這些職業資格認證在華為、中石化的發展中，在組織北京奧運會、上海世博會等項目中都得到了應用。

Also, I like the knowledge introduced by Training Center of SAFEA that hosts the Seminar are providing Project Management Professional (PMP) International Public Management Association- Certified Professional(IPMA-CP) and Certified Management Accountant (CMA) which is so important to international business, different professionals in managerial positions; most important is Human Resources Development and method to implement strategy and promote enterprises development.

我在此次培訓期間還觀察到：中國通過開發歷史古跡和景觀吸引世界各國的旅游者，發展旅游業。北京的長城、故宮、天壇、國家博物館、杭州的龍井村以及令人驚嘆的西湖，我不僅通過游覽，在有關“西湖重建和西溪濕地國家公園保護項目”授課中更體驗到了這一點。

Such Certifications was reflected in the development and growth of Shenzhen Huawei Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai World Expo and the organization & management in the Olympic Games 2008 and in China Petroleum & Chemical Corp (Sinopec).

Tourism was another sector that developed a lot in China nowadays by exploiting Chinese History and Historical sites in attracting tourists to visit China and Personally, I noticed that not even in my visit to the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, Kong Fu Theatre Show, and Temple ofHeaven, the National Museum, old Beijing besides Hangzhou which we visited the Green Tea and the amazing West Lake but also in the reformation process in “West Lake renovation andXixi Wetland National Park Renovationprojects”.

One of the most important challenges that China faces is in developing eco-tourism to fulfill sustainable development of tourismand combating pollution which I found it will be easy due to the Will not only of the Government of China, but also the Chinese People themselves.

開發旅游經濟滿足旅游業的可持續發展及其環保需要，中國在這方面面臨嚴峻挑戰，這不僅需要中國政府努力，更需要中國民眾自身的努力。

關于此次培訓的收獲，我想指出其中非常重要的一點：中國每個省份都有自己獨特的發展經驗，如果未來中國領導人可以將各個省份的發展結合起來制定未來的經濟政策，我認為這會促進中國經濟發展，并進一步消除貧困。

中國國際扶貧中心:南南合作范例

IPRCC :the SSC tool as a vivid example

以一個高級經濟研究員的經驗而言，我認為此次研修班就是中國就南南合作向我們提供的一個優秀范例：它體現出雙贏的本質，在雙贏的基礎上向其他發展中國家提供支持，從而創造出更平衡的世界經濟。

With regards to my experience as a Senior Economic Researcher, I found in this seminar how China exploited the SSC tool as a vivid example of the mutually beneficial nature of SSC through its successful experience in a win-win situation to supplement developing countries which can create a more balanced world economy.

在發展中國家建立溝通橋梁和交流發展經驗的過程中，中國發揮了關鍵作用。中國目前是非洲的第一大貿易伙伴，為非洲的發展進程助力，在能源、農業、健康和基礎設施建設等領域中建立了商貿關系。拉丁美洲是非洲的第三大進口和第四大出口地區，此外，中國在東盟和上海合作組織中發揮的作用，已經產生了重要的經濟和社會效益，同時增強和加深了與發展中國家的政治紐帶及友誼。

China had a pivotal-role in building bridges of development experiences and best practices exchange between Southern Countries, China is currently Africa first trade partner with offering helping hand to the African development agenda resulted in business partnerships in sectors of energy, agriculture, health and infrastructure, and Latin America third largest importer and fourth largest exporter, besides its role with the ASEAN States and Shanghai Cooperation Organization has yielded significant political, social and economic benefits with friendship and strong political ties with many developing countries.

我有一個很好的中國促進南南合作的例子：中國國際扶貧中心，該中心2005年在聯合國開發計劃署、世界銀行、亞洲發展銀行和英國國際發展部的支持下由中國政府成立，是南南國家間學習交流及能力建設平臺。

We have a good example of south-south cooperation Chinese experience which is the International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC) that is supported by the UNDP, World Bank, Asian Development Bank and UK department for international development to serve as a platform for South-South learning and capacity development established in 2005 by the Government of China.

中國國際扶貧中心代表中國參與了包括有關南南合作工作組及其他高層次國際活動，例如在哥倫比亞首都波哥大，該中心作為一個公共機構的范例，回答了其他發展中國家官員的疑問：為何中國有能力維持和不斷加強自身能力建設，而我們國家卻被人才流失的問題困擾。

IPRCC has represented China in several international form including the Task Team on South-South Cooperation and the associated High Level event on South-South Cooperation, in Bogota, Colombia offering a useful institutional model that is relevant to other countries and answering the questions of African officials “How come China is able to develop and retain its implementation capacity, whereas our countries suffer from brain-drain?”

在參加國家外專局組織的培訓期間，我了解了中國如何深入參與亞洲地區的發展與共享，中國聯合日本和韓國，成為東南亞國家聯盟+3的模式，促進地區和經濟的合作融合；此外，中國還是金磚國家組織的成員國，金磚五國占有30%以上的世界生產總值，對世界經濟的影響力也越來越大。

During SAFEA’s seminar, I realized that how China participate in Asia’s deepening regionalism to bring shared prosperity especially in joining with Japan and The Republic of Korea the process of ASEAN Economic Community creating ASEAN+3 with progress on regional and financial cooperation and integration; Also China participation in BRICS (Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa and China) accounting more than 30% of global domestic product and gaining greater influence in world economy.

就我個人而言，我仍然認為南南合作在國際發展合作中具有重要意義，是南北合作的有益補充，例如在有關艾滋病防治的2008年阿克拉行動議程第三次高層論壇上，我充分理解了中國如何在國際活動中發揮作用。

For me, it’s important to reaffirm that SSC plays an important role in international development cooperation and is a valuable complement to North-South Cooperation according to what agreed in Accra Agenda for Action Third High Level Forum on AID Effectiveness, 2008, which was my observation on how China ensured that role.

國家外國專家局是另一個促進南南合作的公共機構的代表，外專局通過制定適當的移民政策和外國人來華工作的法律法規，來促進知識共享以及吸引外國人才來華工作。

SAFEA in China is another institution model for SSC through knowledge share and attracting foreign talents to work in China by setting laws and regulations to be suitable for immigration and foreign experts working in China.

培訓期間，主講人與我們討論了中國的新戰略“一帶一路”，實施該戰略會加強中國與外部世界的國際關系，具有巨大的合作潛力。現韓國和日本實施的“海外工程師計劃”和“一村一品”，也可以成為南南合作很好的合作平臺。

The lecturers discussed with the participants in this seminar the Chinese new policy “One Belt and One Road” initiatives, to enhance international relations with the outside world is a great potential; also “overseas engineers plan” and “One Village-One Product” that is now implemented with the Republic of Korea and Japan, can be also great platform for SSC.

由此，我建議將來研修班可以命名為“引進國外智力：開發南南合作潛力”，因為我相信南南合作可以促進各國快速學習其他國家破解發展難題的經驗，并為發展中國家這個集體提供新思路。

From that, I suggested that the future Seminar should be titled“Introducing Foreign Experts; South-South Cooperation Potentials”, as I always believed that SSC enables countries to quickly learn about how others have tackled pressing development challenges and providing inspiration for the development community.

多極化的世界呈現多種發展方向，在將來的研修班中，中國和其他發展中國家應該共同克服挑戰，聯系協調各國，致力于研究能夠應用于實踐的知識和經驗，總結正反兩方面的經驗，形成新的發展模式。該研修班可以將地區及當地的發展經驗傳播出去，形成最適當的發展方案，促進南南合作的多元化發展，形成多邊合作新范例，總結最好的實踐發展經驗。（作者Hossam Hussein為埃及國際合作部官員）

In this future Seminar China and other Developing Countries will overcome challenges that the world faces in connecting, coordinating and capturing the useable knowledge and experiences that will help shape and take new development models to scale with more lessons learned about what works and what doesn’t, as in a multipolar world development has become multidirectional. So, in this Seminar SSC can unleash the power of regional and local knowledge and forge best-fit development solutions; addressing Diversity of SSC and Triangular new models and best practices.

位于巴基斯坦的恰希瑪核電站由中國設計建造，被譽為南南合作的典范