倒裝句的三大類別

袁黎 胡同梅

倒裝是高中英語語法的重要組成部分，分為語法倒裝和修飾倒裝。根據倒裝方式的不同又可將其分成三類，即全部倒裝、部分倒裝、強調部分提前與主謂順序無關的倒裝。例如：

I write a book.

全部倒裝為： Write I a book. （全部倒裝要將整個謂語部分提到主語的前面）

部分倒裝為： Do I write a book. （部分倒裝就是將原句變為一般疑問句）

強調部分提前與主謂順序無關的倒裝為： a book I write.

一、全部倒裝

1. 以副詞如：表示地點的副詞here/there，表時間的副詞now/then，表位移的副詞up/down， in/out， away， off 等開頭，且主語為名詞的句子要全部倒裝。例如：

①The bus comes here.

倒裝句為：Here comes the bus.

（此句滿足了以上兩個條件：以副詞開頭；主語是名詞）

②When the bell rang， the children rushed out.

倒裝句為：When the bell rang， out rushed the children.

注意：下面這樣的句子就不能全部倒裝。

③He came here.

只能改為： Here he came.

（此句只滿足了副詞開頭的條件，而另一個條件，主語必須是名詞沒有滿足，故不能改成全部倒裝句）

2. 表示方位的介詞短語開頭（不管介詞短語是在主句的開頭還是在從句的開頭）。例如：

①A boy stood in front of the classroom.

倒裝句為： In front of the classroom stood a boy.

②A little girl sat between the old couple.

倒裝句為：Between the old couple sat a little girl.

③I used to live in a small village， throught which flowed a river.

陳述句為： A small river flowed a river.

④When we got to the playground， we found a sign on which was written “wet paint”.

陳述句為：“wet paint” was written on the sign.

3. 表語提前的倒裝（一般情況下含有be動詞的短語構成的句子都可以變成表語提前的倒裝形式）。例如：

①Chairman Xi was present at the meeting.習主席出席了這次會議。

倒裝句為：Present at the meeting was Chairman Xi. 出席會議的有習主席。

②Some students were seated on the ground. 一些學生坐在地上。

倒裝句為： Seated on the ground were some students. 地上坐著一些學生。

③His father is following him. 他的爸爸正跟著他。

倒裝句為：Following him is his father. 跟著他的是他的爸爸。

④Some tools he used when he was alive were buried with him. 一些他生前使用過的工具和他埋在一起。

倒裝句為：Buried with him were some tools he used when he was alive. 和他埋在一起的是一些他生前使用過的工具。

二、將句子變為一般疑問句的部分倒裝

1. only加狀語開頭，例如：

①We can achieve success only by working hard.

倒裝句為：Only by working hard can we achieve success.

②I go to school on foot only when it rains.

倒裝句為：Only when it rains do I go to school on foot.

③The whole thing makes sense only if you show us the evidence.

倒……