韓玉昌


摘 要:中國石化塔河煉化有限責任公司2#制氫轉化爐對流室轉化原料預熱段出口集合管的加強接頭出現(xiàn)了裂紋,導致裝置緊急停車。對開裂的爐管進行了有限元分析,分析結果表明:工作時由于爐管與旁邊的橫梁接觸,使加強接頭在外壁產(chǎn)生了最大應力,最大應力值為90.3 MPa,此應力高于632 ℃下材料的許用應力,因此導致爐管開裂。同時,還對爐管開裂位置的母材進行了金相分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)開裂位置的母材晶粒粗大,并有碳析出,導致晶界弱化。根據(jù)應力分析和金相分析結果,對爐管熱膨脹定位方式進行了整改,有效地消除了爐管應力。整改后對裂紋部位進行了打磨、焊接,并在檢驗合格后再次投用生產(chǎn)。
關 鍵 詞:轉化爐;爐管;有限元;金相組織
中圖分類號:TQ 116 文獻標識碼: A 文章編號:1006-1878(2015)07-1684-03
Reason Analysis and Treatment Measures of the Crack on the Strengthened
Joint of the Collection Tube of the Hydrogen Reformer Furnace
HAN Yu-chang
(Sinopec Tahe Petrochemical Co., Ltd.,Xinjiang Kuche 842000, China)
Abstract: Cracks were found on the strengthened joint of the export collection tube in the preheating section for transformation materials of the 2# hydrogen reformer furnace convection cell in Tahe branch. In this paper, the cracked furnace tube was analyzed through finite element method. It was shown that the maximum stress of the strengthened joint was located at the outer wall because of the contact between the furnace tube and the beam beside during the work. The maximum stress was as high as 90.3 MPa, which is higher than the allowable stress of the material at 632 ℃, resulting in the cracking of the furnace tube. At the same time, the metallographic structure of the parent metal at the crack of the furnace tube was also analyzed. Its found that the grain of the parent metal was coarse, with carbon precipitating out, thus causing the grain boundary weaken. According to the results of the stress analysis and metallographic analysis, the position method for the thermal expansion of the furnace tube was rectified, and the stress of the furnace tube was eliminated effectively. After the rectification, the crack position was then ground and welded. The device was put into service again after passing inspection.
Key words: Reformer; Furnace tube; Finite element; Metallographic structure
中國石化塔河煉化有限責任公司2萬標m3/h時制氫裝置于2010 年9 月投入運行,本裝置是由洛陽院總承包,轉化爐對流段盤管是由哈爾濱哈鍋工程技術有限責任公司制造,中石化第十建設公司安裝施工。
2011年6月20日, 2#制氫轉化爐(0213-F101)對流室轉化原料預熱段出口集合管的加強接頭發(fā)生泄漏,導致裝置緊急停車。經(jīng)檢查,發(fā)現(xiàn)共有兩個加強接頭出現(xiàn)裂紋,裂紋部位均位于加強接頭的拐角處。一個4#管,另一個2#管,經(jīng)過緊急搶修,于2011年7月2日恢復生產(chǎn)。2011年10月27日,2#管的加強接頭再次發(fā)生泄漏,裂紋位置處于上次修補焊縫的下融合線處的熱影響區(qū)內。本文采用有限元分析方法和金相組織分析,主要探討加強接頭出現(xiàn)裂紋的原因,并對裂紋采取有效地修復措施。
本文結合兩次泄露事故分析及處理,對制氫轉化爐集合管加強接頭裂紋原因進行了分析,并根據(jù)分析結果采取有效的處理。對制氫轉化爐的安全運行管理及事故分析具有一定的指導意義。
1 轉化爐技術參數(shù)
轉化原料氣中主要含有H2O、H2、CO2、CO、CH4、N2等。原料預熱段的操作壓力為2.65 MPa、設計壓力為3.25 MPa,操作溫度為560~610 ℃、設計溫度為630 ℃。轉化爐加強接頭的材質為F347H、集合管和爐管的材質為TP347H。加強接頭鍛件經(jīng)過固熔處理,接頭與集合管焊接后進行了整體穩(wěn)定化熱處理。