楊富章
編者按:短文改錯題是難度較大的一個題型,因為該題要求考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷和改正語法錯誤,這些錯誤是不少同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)英語時最容易犯的錯誤,不易察覺。同學(xué)們在復(fù)習(xí)英語時,要特別注意解決那些似是而非、模棱兩可的問題。在做短文改錯題時,不僅要能將有錯誤的句子改正過來,還要注意不能把原本正確的句子改錯。
1. 動詞形,名詞數(shù)。
(1)動詞主要包括兩類錯誤:一是動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤,二是主謂不一致的錯誤。如:
Then the trouble started. We cannot open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.
分析:很顯然此句子的主時態(tài)是一般過去時,因此應(yīng)該把cannot改為couldnt。
There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
分析:句中a football game決定了謂語動詞必須用單數(shù),因此應(yīng)該把were改為was。
(2)名詞主要考查單復(fù)數(shù)混用。如:
Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
分析:“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式,因此應(yīng)該把year改為years。
2. 還要注意形和副。
形容詞和副詞主要考查兩者之間是否混用,即該用形容詞的地方原文用了副詞,該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。
(1)副詞代替形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中。如:
During the football season,Helen is much busier than usually.
分析:“與平時相比更忙”,因此需要把usually改為usual。
(2)形容詞代替副詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中。如:
As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game,she began cheering excited, “Come on—get going!”
分析:原文意思是說“比賽還剩1分42秒時,她開始興奮地……”,顯然應(yīng)該把excited改為excitedly,用來修飾動詞cheer。
3. 代詞格,細(xì)領(lǐng)悟。
代詞主要考查代詞是否多余、遺漏或混用。
(1)代詞多余。如:
Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world,Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.
分析:lose heart意為“泄氣,喪失勇氣”,而lose ones heart to sb. /sth. 意為“愛上,鐘情于”。原文意思很明顯是“別泄氣”,因此應(yīng)該把your去掉。
(2)代詞混用。如:
We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty,the other would help him or her out.
分析:應(yīng)把them改為us,把the other改為others。
(3)代詞遺漏。如:
A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.
分析:應(yīng)該在classes前加his,表示“使他的課堂生動有趣”。
4. 固定搭配要記住。
I have given up smoke. The dog doesnt like the smell.
分析:give up doing sth.是一個固定搭配,因此動詞smoke應(yīng)該改為smoking。
5. 非謂語,細(xì)辨別。
主要表現(xiàn)在三個方面: 一是非謂語形式之間的混用,二是不定式to的遺漏或多余,三是非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的混用。如:
I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favorite actors.
分析:這里make不作謂語,應(yīng)該用非謂語形式,因此改為making,和后面的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成分詞短語,作后置定語。
He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.
分析:在序數(shù)詞后面往往使用動詞不定式作后置定語,這里缺少to,所以在reach前面加to。
6. 冠連介要牢記。
(1)介詞主要考查與動詞固定搭配的介詞是否多余、遺漏或錯用。如:
Im sure you will get on well your aunt.
分析:get on with sb.是固定搭配,意思為“與某人相處”,所以在your前面加with。
My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
分析:考查because of與because用法的區(qū)分。前者不能接句子,而后者充當(dāng)連詞,可以接句子,所以應(yīng)該把of去掉。
I picked out her false hair and said,“Dont be sad,Miss.”
分析:picked out應(yīng)改為picked up。pick out意思為“挑選”,pick up意思為“撿起”。
(2)連詞主要考查前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系,常考三種關(guān)系,即轉(zhuǎn)折(but)、并列(and)和因果(because)。如:
Chatting on line,students can more freely express their feelings and opinions,but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.
分析:前后句之間是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)該把but改為and。
(3)冠詞主要考查句中的冠詞是否多余或遺漏。如:
I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock,when the game just began.
分析:應(yīng)該把第一個the去掉。
As we all left home at early age,we met lots of problems in our daily life.
分析:at a / an ... age是固定搭配,表示“處于……年齡”,應(yīng)該在early前加上an。
例 Nearly five years before,and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then — for all these year — we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result,the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbours. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
答案與解析
1. before→ago ago用于一般過去時,before用于完成時。
2. by→of with the help of sb.意為“在某人的幫助下”。
3. year→years year為可數(shù)名詞,在這里應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。
4. had→have 根據(jù)since then和for all these years時間提示詞可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
5. As result→As a result as a result意為“因此”。
6. somewhere→everywhere 根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)用“到處”,而不是“某處”。
7. taste→tasty 此處為系表結(jié)構(gòu),充當(dāng)表語,應(yīng)用形容詞。
8. much→many fruits為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),應(yīng)用many指代。
9. 去掉but或but→yet although和but不能連用,所以應(yīng)該去掉but,或者把but改為yet,yet作副詞。
10. wonderfully→wonderful 修飾tomatoes,應(yīng)該用形容詞。(責(zé)任編校?筑彭益)