The Silk Road and “One Belt and One Road”絲綢之路與“一帶一路”

顏丹丹

The Silk Road， regarded as the greatest East-West trade route， was first traveled by Zhang Qian when he was sent on a diplomatic1 task to the Western Regions in the Han dynasty2 （206 BC～AD 220）.

The Silk Road is not only the name of a number of roads of international trade between ancient China and other parts of the world， but also a bridge of culture between China and many other countries in history. It was named because of the Chinese silk， which was one of the most important goods in the trade.

Usually， it can be divided into three roads. The Northern Silk Road on the land started from Changan （now Xian）， an ancient capital of China， and went west to Europe. It is the most famous and we know it very well. The Southern Silk Road on the land usually started from Sichuan Province and went south to India. The Silk Road on the sea mainly started from Guangzhou， Quanzhou， Dengzhou， and then it went east to Korea， Japan and west to Europe and Africa.

絲綢之路是古代最偉大的東西方貿(mào)易之路，最初是漢朝（公元前206年～公元220年）的張騫被派遣出使西域的時候走通的。

絲綢之路不僅僅是幾條連接古代中國與其他國家的國際貿(mào)易路線的總稱，而且還是歷史上中國和其他國家文化交流的橋梁。它是以這條路線上最重要的商品之一——中國絲綢來命名的。

通常來說，絲綢之路分為三條。北方陸路絲綢之路始于中國的古都長安（即現(xiàn)在的西安），往西到達歐洲。這條路線是最著名的，我們都很熟悉。南方陸路絲綢之路通常以四川省為起點，往南到達印度。海上絲綢之路主要是以泉州、廣州、登州為起點，往東到達朝鮮、日本，往西則去往歐洲和非洲。

西漢時的張騫于公元前139年和公元前119年兩次出使西域，正式開通了這條從中國通往歐、非大陸的陸路“絲綢之路”（the land route of the Silk Road）。這條道路以西漢都城長安（今西安）為起點，經(jīng)甘肅、新疆，到中亞、西亞，并通往地中海各國。

西漢時期就有商人出海貿(mào)易，開辟了海上交通要道。海上絲綢之路（the sea Silk

Route）始于秦漢，興于隋唐，盛于宋元，明初達到頂峰，明中葉因海禁而衰落。歷代海上絲路，亦可分三大航線：

1. 東洋航線由中國沿海港至朝鮮、日本；

2. 南洋航線由中國沿海港至東南亞諸國；

3. 西洋航線由中國沿海港至南亞、阿拉伯和東非沿海諸國。

絲綢之路的開辟是人類文明史上的一個偉大創(chuàng)舉，在世界史上有重大的意義。絲綢之路是古代東西方最長的國際交通路線，它是絲路沿線各民族的共同創(chuàng)造，所以又稱之為“友誼之路”。絲綢之路是亞、歐、非大陸的交通動脈，是中國、印度、希臘三種主要文化的交匯的橋梁；絲綢之路是橫貫亞、歐、非大陸的貿(mào)易交通線，促進了亞洲、歐洲、非洲各國和中國的商貿(mào)往來。絲綢之路的開辟，有力地促進了東西方的經(jīng)濟、文化交流，這條絲綢之路至今仍是東西方交往的一條重要通路。

“One Belt and One Road”

“一帶一路”

Now， China is planning an“One Belt and One Road” program—the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime3 Silk Road.

It will connect China with Europe through Central and Western Asia， and connect China with Southeast Asian countries， Africa and Europe. Its welcomed by the Silk Road countries. In the past year， over 50 countries have joined in the program. We believe that it will help to realize the peace and development of this area.

“One Belt” refers to the Silk Road Economic Belt， which extends into central Asian nations. “One Road” refers to the 21st century Maritime Silk Road， which seeks to extend Chinas trading power and infrastructure4 investment5 into Southeast Asian nations and to south Asia and Africa.

Great changes are taking place in the world. The world economy is recovering slowly and countries still have the hard time of their development. Building the Belt and Road is to help the poor countries along the road develop economy. It will improve world peace and development.

當今中國提出了一個名為“一帶一路”的計劃——“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶”和“21世紀海上絲綢之路”。

這個計劃將穿過中亞和西亞連接中國和歐洲，并將南亞各國以及非洲和歐洲連接起來。絲綢之路沿線的各個國家都很歡迎這個工程。過去一年中已經(jīng)有50多個國家加入其中。我們相信，這對實現(xiàn)本地區(qū)的和平與發(fā)展有很大幫助。

“一帶”是指絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶，范圍一路延伸至中亞國家。“一路”是指21世紀海上絲綢之路計劃，旨在施展中國的貿(mào)易威力，加大對東南亞國家、南亞和非洲的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資。

當今世界正發(fā)生巨大的變化，世界經(jīng)濟緩慢復(fù)蘇，各國面臨的發(fā)展問題依然嚴峻。共建“一帶一路”旨在實現(xiàn)沿線的貧窮國家發(fā)展經(jīng)濟，這將有助于促進世界和平和發(fā)展。