馬軒,耿頔*,易立濤,翁連進
(華僑大學廈門校區(qū) 化工學院,福建 廈門 361021)
·綜述·
云實屬植物的化學成分與生物活性研究進展
馬軒1,耿頔1*,易立濤1,翁連進1
(華僑大學廈門校區(qū) 化工學院,福建 廈門 361021)
查閱國內(nèi)外相關文獻,對2005年以來報道的云實屬植物的化學成分及其生物活性進行綜述。云實屬植物中含有萜類、黃酮類、甾體等多種化學成分,具有抗病毒、抗炎、抗瘧疾、抗腫瘤等生物活性。
云實屬;二萜化合物;生物活性
云實屬(CaesalpiniaL.)植物約有120~150個物種,為一多元屬(polyphyletic)。東南亞是云實亞科的一個分布中心,中國云實屬植物有20個物種,從熱帶到溫帶地區(qū)均有分布[1]。該屬植物有云實Caesalpiniadecapetala、苦石蓮CaesalpiniaminaxHance、蘇木CaesalpiniasappanL.入藥,多作為民間用藥,其根、皮、種子入藥可用于治療發(fā)熱、瘧疾、風濕病等病癥[2]。吳兆華等[2]對2005年之前報道的云實屬化學成分及藥理作用進行綜述,云實屬植物部分化學成分表現(xiàn)出較強的體外生物活性,具有廣闊的應用前景和較大的研究價值。本文對2005年以來有關云實屬植物化學成分和生物活性方面的報道進行綜述,概括了近年來云實屬植物的研究概況,為其深入的研究提供參考。
目前對該屬植物的研究,主要報道了二萜、黃酮等化學成分。
1.1 二萜類化合物
從該屬得到140余個二萜類化合物,主要是cassane二萜和norcassane二萜。在C.pulcherrima、C.crista、C.sappan、C.minax等植物中都有文獻報道[3-31],結構式如圖1所示。
1.2 黃酮類化合物
在C.pulcherrima、C.millettiiHook.、C.digynaRottler等植物中均發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃酮類化合物[32-41],結構式如圖2所示。
1.3 其他
除了二萜類和黃酮類化學成分,在該屬植物也發(fā)現(xiàn)了其他類型的化合物[28,42-48],結構式如圖3所示。
2.1 抗炎、抗氧化活性
Min等[35]從C.sappanL分離得到化學成分protosappanin A、3-deoxysappanchalcone,以RAW264.7




圖1 云實屬植物中的二萜類化合物


圖2 云實屬植物中的黃酮類化合物

圖3 云實屬植物中的其他化合物
巨噬細胞中脂多糖(LPS)誘導的一氧化氮(NO)產(chǎn)量進行抗炎活性評價,表現(xiàn)出較強的抑制效果:IC50值分別為12.5、8.1 μmol·L-1。Yodsaoue Orapun等[27]從C.pulcherrima分離得到pulcherrins K、L、M等也有潛在的抗炎活性。Hu Jun[46]研究了C.sappanL.干燥心材95%乙醇提取液,從中分離得到protosappanin A、B和brazilein,在體外均有較好的抗氧化活性。
2.2 抗腫瘤活性
Caesalpinolide A-E均從熱帶云實豆中得到。Caesalpinolide A和B是差向異構體,抑制MCF-7乳腺癌細胞系細胞增殖的半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50)值分別為12.8、6.1 μmol·L-1,同時伴有抑制子宮內(nèi)膜癌和宮頸癌細胞系細胞增殖的作用。此外,Caesalpinolide D在對抗宮頸癌、前列腺癌和乳腺癌細胞系細胞增殖方面也表現(xiàn)出較好的活性[10,13]。
Ma Guoxu等[8]從苦石蓮種子中分離得到Caesalpin A-H,Caesalpin A表現(xiàn)出較強的抗惡性細胞增生的活性:對HepG-2細胞的IC50值為 4.7 μmol·L-1,對MCF-7細胞的IC50值為2.1 μmol·L-1。
2.3 抗瘧疾活性
Bonducellpins E-G是從熱帶云實豆(C.bonduc)種子乙酸乙酯溶性部位分離得到的。對耐多藥菌株K1惡性瘧原蟲生長表現(xiàn)出較好的抑制活性,IC50值分別為1.6、5.8、3.8 μmol·L-1[22]。
云實屬植物具有較好的生物活性,近些年主要的研究方向集中在二萜類化合物上,并且報道了很多具有較強生物活性的化學成分。需要繼續(xù)深入進行云實屬植物化學成分的研究,探討其抗腫瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等方面的生物活性,提高云實屬植物資源的綜合利用價值。
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AdvancesinResearchofChemicalConstituentsandBiologicalActivityofCaesalpiniaPlants
MAXuan,GENGDi*,YILitao,WENGLianjin
(CollegeofChemicalEngineering,HuaqiaoUniversity,Xiamen361021,China)
Objective:To summarize the chemical and pharmacological advances of genusCeasalpiana(Caesalpiniaceae) since 2005. Several classes of chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, diterpenoids, and steroids, have been isolated from various species which were reported to show a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antimicrobial activities.
Caesalpinia;diterpenoids;biological activity
2014-09-21)
*
耿頔,博士,講師,研究方向:天然藥物化學;E-mail:gengyiliang_hqu@163.com
10.13313/j.issn.1673-4890.2015.5.022