余可佳 曾恒
2014年高考英語江西卷中有這樣一道題:
It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
A. that B. as
C. which D. when
解析 D。此題考查it起頭的句式。主句的主語it是人稱代詞,表示時(shí)間。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。句意是:當(dāng)父親叫醒我讓我看足球比賽時(shí),時(shí)間已經(jīng)是半夜了。
英語中,以it be開頭的句式繁多,而且結(jié)構(gòu)相似,這一句式是高考的常考點(diǎn)。因此,悉心辨別這類句式有助于厘清句子結(jié)構(gòu),提高解題能力。
1 “it was/will be+某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)+when...”&“it was+時(shí)間點(diǎn)+定語從句”
“It was/will be+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”是一個(gè)主系表句式。其中,it是人稱代詞,表示時(shí)間。例如:
It will be evening when we get there. 我們到達(dá)那里時(shí),將是傍晚了。
但是“It was+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的句式后再接定語從句,就與強(qiáng)調(diào)句式非常相似。試比較:
It was seven oclock when I got up this morning. 我今天早晨起床時(shí)已是7點(diǎn)了。(it是人稱代詞,指代時(shí)間。表語seven oclock是對(duì)主語it的解釋,后面的when引導(dǎo)定語從句)
It was at seven oclock that I got up this morning. 就是在今天早晨7點(diǎn),我起床了。(at seven oclock是一個(gè)狀語,與it沒有指代或解釋的關(guān)系,只是夾在It was...that中間,是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分)
2 “it is序數(shù)詞that...” & it is time that...
“it is+序數(shù)詞+that...”句型中的that從句的謂語用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句中的be是is,從句謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主句中的be是was,從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)。如:
It/This the first time I been here. 這是我第一次來這里。
這一句型中,主句的主語it有時(shí)也可用this或that替代。例如:
This is the third cigarette that you have smoked this morning. 這是你今天早晨吸的第三支煙了。
然而,it is (high) time that...后接虛擬語氣的從句,從句中的謂語多用過去式,有時(shí)也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should不能省略,表示“早該……”。例如:
It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed. 孩子們?cè)撊ニX了。
另外,“it is time+不定式”也能表示“該是做……的時(shí)候了”。例如:
When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. 當(dāng)我因?yàn)椴唤】当恍W闱蜿?duì)除名時(shí),我知道該是我戒煙的時(shí)候了。
當(dāng)這兩個(gè)句式的主句謂語時(shí)態(tài)相同時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)非常相似。試