如何做英語(yǔ)高考短文改錯(cuò)

孫中建

(山東省棗莊市第二中學(xué))

英語(yǔ)高考短文改錯(cuò)所設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤，是一般學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)中最容易犯的，難以覺(jué)察。要想做好，具備扎實(shí)的基本功必不可少，但弄清命題思路和掌握做題技巧也是十分必要的。

當(dāng)然，從命題思路上來(lái)看，高考短文改錯(cuò)是對(duì)詞法、句法和行文邏輯的綜合考查。

一、詞法注重對(duì)以下幾點(diǎn)的考查

1.名詞的數(shù)與格

(1)(2014 新課標(biāo)卷)For all these year，we have been allowing…

1.years

(2)(2011)It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.

2.luggage

2.冠詞只用在名詞前，為“錯(cuò)用”“多用”和“少用”三種情況。

(1)(01 全國(guó))We may be one family and live undera same roof.

1.the

(2)(2014)As ∧result，the plants are growing everywhere.

2.a

3.代詞、連詞、形容詞和副詞多故意混淆使用。如該用代詞賓格卻用了主格;名詞性物主代詞錯(cuò)用形容詞性物主代詞;連詞誤用;該用副詞卻用形容詞;該用比較級(jí)的用了原級(jí)等。

(1)(2011)I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag.

1.and

(2)(2014)…which set himself apart from others in our small town.

2.him

(3)(2013)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes!

3.wonderful

(4)(2012)I had to be more patient and little aggressive.

4.less

4.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

(1)(2013)I was only four when she passes away.

1.passed

(2)(2013)This custom soon becomes another meal of day.

2.became

5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法

(1)(2011)I was at the Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.

1.buying

(2)(2010)On the box was a card say:“25 cents each.”

2.saying

6.介詞，多考查“固定搭配”，存在“錯(cuò)”“多”“漏”三種情況。

(1)(2014)With the help by our father，I planted…

1.of

(2)(2013)The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea.

2.of

(3)(06 全國(guó))He was looking for a glass∧the cupboard.

3.in

二、句法需要注意的問(wèn)題

1.主謂一致

(2013)What I liked best were the free high－speed Internet connection.

1.was

2.從句的引導(dǎo)詞使用。

(2012)They began to see which was happening.

1.what

三、從行文邏輯來(lái)考查

排除了詞法和句法錯(cuò)誤，還要看上下文是否有邏輯錯(cuò)誤。這樣的錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)通讀全文后發(fā)現(xiàn)改正。

(1)(2012)When toys went wrong，I got angry and broke it.

1.them

(2)(06 全國(guó))The air keeping the balloon up was escaping and the balloon was coming up.

2.down

從做題技巧上要注意以下問(wèn)題:

第一，比例設(shè)置基本穩(wěn)定。從高考短文改錯(cuò)全國(guó)卷來(lái)看，多詞、漏詞和誤用的比例一般為1 ︰1 ︰8，即一加一刪八改動(dòng)。基本穩(wěn)定，但有時(shí)也有小的變動(dòng)。

第二，遵循一對(duì)一原則。短文改錯(cuò)的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置多為詞類(lèi)誤用，一般應(yīng)用一個(gè)獨(dú)詞去替換用錯(cuò)的單詞。改多詞或少詞時(shí)，也只能刪掉或加上一個(gè)單詞，且不得無(wú)故改變句子本意。例如，Tom is brave solider.應(yīng)改為T(mén)om is a brave solider.而不應(yīng)改為T(mén)om is brave.

第三，注意三不改。給定的大小寫(xiě)字母不改;不得改變標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào);不能調(diào)整詞的順序。

第四，做題方法要規(guī)范。要嚴(yán)格按照示范去做題，不能在錯(cuò)詞的上面改，不得用文字或箭頭去表示。下列做法是錯(cuò)誤的:

(1)(2014)There are so much that we often share them.把much 改為many.

(2)(2013)She used to holding me on her knees .holding→hold.

掌握命題思路和技巧，配合恰當(dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練，學(xué)生的改錯(cuò)能力定會(huì)提高。為便于記憶，上文整理如下:短文改錯(cuò)要做好，常見(jiàn)題型要記牢;一加一刪八改動(dòng)，加刪常設(shè)虛詞中;名詞愛(ài)考數(shù)與格，冠詞在前“錯(cuò)多少”;動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂使用莫錯(cuò)了;連代形副錯(cuò)一樣，多是故意來(lái)混淆;介詞多半考搭配，多漏誤用細(xì)推敲;句法涉及到一致，從句多考引導(dǎo)詞;句法詞法均未錯(cuò)，邏輯推理去尋找。

［1］牛津高級(jí)英語(yǔ).譯林出版社，2012.

［2］短文改錯(cuò).湖南師范大學(xué)出版社，2014.