常見頭孢類抗生素的體外抑菌活性研究

李麒　鄧成華　袁偉芳　等

【摘要】 目的：對常見頭孢類抗生素進行體外抑菌活性研究。方法：利用頭孢氨芐、頭孢唑啉、頭孢呋辛、頭孢替安、頭孢他啶、頭孢哌酮6種常見頭孢類抗生素對我院臨床分離的562株菌（革蘭氏陽性菌206株，革蘭氏陰性菌356株）進行體外活性檢測。結果：頭孢氨芐、頭孢唑啉（1代）對革蘭氏陽性菌的敏感率為93.2%、96.1%，對革蘭氏陰性菌的敏感率為52.3%、55.1%；頭孢呋辛、頭孢替安（2代）對革蘭氏陽性菌的敏感率為95.6%、97.1%，對革蘭氏陰性菌的敏感率為75.3%、76.4%；頭孢他啶、頭孢哌酮（3代）對革蘭氏陽性菌的敏感率為85.4%、87.4%，對革蘭氏陰性菌的敏感率為90.2%、92.1%。1代、2代頭孢類抗生素對革蘭氏陽性菌的抑菌活性高于3代，而3代頭孢類抗生素對革蘭氏陰性菌的抑菌活性高于1代、2代，且差異具有統計學意義（P<0.05）；1代和2代對革蘭氏陽性菌的抑菌活性差異無統計學意義（P<0.05）。結論：1代、2代頭孢類抗生素體外抑制革蘭氏陽性菌效果好于3代頭孢，3代頭孢體外抑制革蘭氏陰性菌效果好于1代、2代。

【關鍵詞】 頭孢類抗生素；體外抑菌活性；革蘭氏陽性菌；革蘭氏陰性菌

【中圖分類號】R963【文獻標志碼】 A【文章編號】1007-8517（2015）10-0018-02

Study of common cephalosporin antibiotics on the antibacterial activity in vitro

LI QiDENG ChenghuaYUAN WeifangXUE PingfangZHANG Tao

The Department of Pharmacy of the Third Peoples Hospital in Longgang District of Shenzhen city， Guangdong 518115

Abstract：[WTHZ]Objective[WTBZ] To study the antibacterial activity in vitro of common cephalosporin antibiotics. [WTHZ]Methods [WTBZ] 562 strains of clinical isolates， 206 strains of gram positive bacteria and 356 strains of gram negative bacteria were selected in our hospital and the above bacterial strains were used to detect and compare the antibacterial activity in vitro of the common cephalosporin antibiotics （cephalosporin， ampicillin， cefazolin， cefuroxime， cefotiam， ceftazidime， cefoperazone）. [WTHZ]Results[WTBZ] The sensitive rates of cefalexin and cefazolin （1 st generation） against gram positive bacteria were 93.2% and 96.1 ，The sensitivity rates of those medicines against gram negative bacteria were 52.3% and 55.1%. The sensitive rates of cefuroxime and cefotiam （2 rd generation） the gram positive bacteria were 95.6% and 97.1% while the sensitive rates of those medicines against the gram negative bacteria were 75.3% and 76.4%. The sensitive rates of ceftazidime and cefoperazone （3 rd generation） against the gram positive bacteria were 85.4% while87.4% while the sensitive rate of those medicines against the gram negative bacteria were 90.2% and 92.1%. The antimicrobial activity of 1 st generation and 2 rd generation cephalosporin against gram positive bacteria were higher than that of the 3 rd generation cephalosporin while the antimicrobial activity of the 3 rd generation cephalosporin against gram negative bacteria is higher than those of the 1 st generation and the 2 rd generation. The differences of the antibacterial activity above were （P<0.05）. The antimicrobial activity of 1 st generation and 2 rd generation of cephalosporin against gram positive bacteria was not significant difference （P>0.05）. [WTHZ]Conclusion[WTBZ] The effect of the 1 st generation and 2 rd generation cephalosporin in vitro against gram positive bacteria is better than that of the 3 rd generation cephalosporin while the effect of the 3 rd generation cephalosporin in vitro against gram negative bacteria is better than that of the 1 st generation and the 2 rd generation cephalosporin.

Keywords：cephalosporin antibiotics；antibacterial activity in vitro；gram positive bacteria；gram negative bacteria

頭孢類抗生素屬于半合成的廣譜抗生素，于20世紀60年代問世，目前產品多達60余種，臨床用于呼吸系統、泌尿系統、皮膚軟組織等感染性疾病。研究發(fā)現頭孢類抗生素可到達機體的各個組織器官，只要劑量足夠則可將致病菌殺死，因此在危重感染中的治療效果好于青霉素、氯霉素和四環(huán)霉素[1-2] 。鑒于頭孢類抗生素的臨床實用價值，本文對頭孢類抗生素中常見的幾種藥物進行體外抑菌活性探討，現報道如下。

1材料與方法

1.1菌株以我院2012年2月至2014年2月收集的562株分離菌為體外試驗對象，其中，革蘭氏陽性菌206株（金黃色葡萄球菌78株，肺炎鏈球菌86株，β溶血鏈球菌42株），革蘭氏陰性菌356株（肺炎克雷伯菌96株，大腸埃希菌124株，流感嗜血菌78株，產氣腸桿菌58株）。……