龍陵縣不同時(shí)期栽培鐵皮石斛多糖及生物堿含量比較分析

文美瓊　李璐　楊申明　等

【摘要】 目的：比較3年生鐵皮石斛3月枝條的及8月枝條多糖及生物堿含量。方法：采用溶劑提取法提取多糖及生物堿，用分光光度法測定多糖及生物堿含量。結(jié)果：莖部各部位、不同時(shí)期的鐵皮石斛多糖含量在15.66%～26.63%之間，生物堿含量在0.016%-0.021%之間。結(jié)論：多糖含量莖中部最高，其次是莖上部，莖下部含量最低；多糖含量隨生長時(shí)間增長而增加，且在不同生長時(shí)期、不同部位，多糖含量差別較大。生物堿為莖上部含量最高，其次是莖中部，含量最低為莖下部；不同生長時(shí)期除莖下部外，生物堿含量隨生長時(shí)間增長反而減小，但不同部位的鐵皮石斛生物堿含量差別較小。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 鐵皮石斛；生物堿；多糖；含量；不同時(shí)期

【中圖分類號(hào)】【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】 A【文章編號(hào)】1007-8517（2015）10-0015-03

Comparative Analysis on Contents of Polysaccharides and Alkaloids in Dendrobium officinale Collected in Various Periods at Longling

WEN MeiqiongLI LuYANG ShenmingXU ChengdongDUAN RuicaiXU Xiaolin

Department of Chemistry and Life Science， Chuxiong Normal University， Chuxiong 675000， Yunnan， P.R .China

Abstract：[WTHZ]Objective[WTBZ] The branches of Dendrobium Officinale with threeyear growth period have been collected in 3 or 8， and their contents of polysaccharides as well as alkaloids have been analyzed and compared. [WTHZ]Method[WTBZ] The branches were processed with solvent extraction， their contents of polysaccharides and alkaloids were determined by spectro- photometry. [WTHZ]Results[WTBZ] The contents of polysaccharide in various parts of stems ranged from 15.66% to 26.63%， while the contents of alkaloid ranged from 0.016% to 0.021%. [WTHZ]Conclusion[WTBZ] The polysaccharide content at middle section was the largest， then the upside， and finally the downside， the content increased with the growth period of the branch， and varied greatly according to the growth period as well as section； the alkaloids content at upside section was the largest， then the middle， and finally the downside， but the content decreased with the growth period， and varied little according to the growth period or section.

Keywords：Dendrobium candidum；alkaloid；polysaccharide；content

鐵皮石斛為蘭科石斛屬植物鐵皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo）的干燥莖，是我國傳統(tǒng)的滋陰名貴中藥，其保健功效日愈為人們所重視。

鐵皮石斛具有養(yǎng)陰生津、止咳化痰、抗腫瘤和抗突變作用。現(xiàn)代藥理研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，鐵皮石斛具有降血糖、增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫力、抗氧化、抗疲勞、抗血栓、改善血液流變性、改善眼部球結(jié)膜的微循環(huán)，預(yù)防白內(nèi)障等作用[1-2]。多糖是鐵皮石斛的主要活性成分及特征性成分，其含量與藥理作用有著密切關(guān)聯(lián)，其水溶性多糖還是一類免疫增強(qiáng)劑，具有較強(qiáng)的抗腫瘤生物活性，可促進(jìn)淋巴細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生淋巴因子，增強(qiáng)機(jī)體體液免疫功能、細(xì)胞免疫功能，增強(qiáng)機(jī)體自身免疫。生物堿也是石斛中重要的活性成分之一，藥理作用主要表現(xiàn)在抗腫瘤、對心血管和胃腸道抑制作用及止痛退熱等方面[3-4]。……