冷凍卵子：世間沒有完美的后悔藥

After the “egg freezing” technology being allowed to be used in clinical practice， it has drawn accumulating number of people’s attention and favor from all over the world. The news that a Chinese “older” female star bluntly admitted that she had frozen her egg makes this medicine technology suddenly popularized among the ordinary people. Some people clap their hands in applause. On the other hand， some have questioned. There is no doubt that egg freezing brings more options to the fertility and birth of female and at the same time it is also confronted with the risk of subverting current social status.

在“冷凍卵子”技術被允許應用于臨床后，受到世界各地越來越多人的關注與青睞。中國“大齡”女明星大方承認自己冷凍卵子的新聞把這項醫學技術一下普及到了尋常百姓家。有人拍手叫好的同時，也有人提出了質疑，冷凍卵子無疑給女性生育方面帶來了更多的選擇，但與此同時也面臨著顛覆既有社會現狀的風險。

Xu Jinglei， the 41-years-old Chinese star， recently admitted that she had gone to the United States to freeze her nine eggs in order to keep the possibility of her becoming a mother. She said jokingly that it felt like she had found “the only regret medicine in the world”. After that， the CCTV news also revealed the whole process of egg freezing and said China’s Ministry of Health stipulates that single women must not implement relevant operations of assisted reproduction. Some hospitals allow single women to freeze eggs， however， three identifications must be provided when using the frozen eggs， which are identity card， marriage certificate and birth permission. “Egg freezing” immediately sparked widespread social concern and a lot of women who missed out on the average child-bearing period rushed to the hospital to ask about egg freezing process， related costs and its security. The discussion derived from egg freezing to women’s reproductive rights has become a hot topic.

Egg freezing， also called frozen eggs， refers to gaining intravital eggs and freezing them when the matrix is healthy to prevent them from aging with the human bodies. And when they want to conceive a child， they can take out the frozen eggs and recover them to use. Egg freezing， in China， belongs to the scope of human assisted reproduction. In 2001， the Ministry of Health once released Regulations of Human Assisted Reproductive Technology and revised some parts of it in 2003. It explicitly puts that human assisted reproductive technology refers to the technology that uses medical technology and method to conduct manual operations of gametes， zygotes and embryos in order to achieve the purpose of fertilization. The application of human assisted reproductive technology shall be conducted in medical institutions for the purpose of medical treatment and in line with the national family planning policy， ethics principles and relevant legislation.

現年41歲的中國藝人徐靜蕾最近坦承為了保留自己成為母親的可能，曾赴美國冷凍了9顆卵子，她笑言覺得這就像找到了“世界上唯一的后悔藥”。此后央視新聞也揭秘了冷凍卵子的全過程，并稱“我國衛生部規定，單身女性不能實施輔助生殖技術的相關手術。有的醫院允許單身女性冷凍卵子，但在使用冷凍卵子時必須提供三證：即身份證、結婚證、準生證”。“冷凍卵子”隨即引發了廣泛的社會關注，不少超過平均育齡期的婦女紛紛向醫院打聽冷凍卵子的過程及相關費用和安全性，由“冷凍卵子”到女性生育權利的探討也成為熱議的話題。

冷凍卵子，又稱雪藏卵子，在母體健康時獲取活體卵子并將其冷凍，從而阻止卵子隨人體衰老，待想生育時取出冷凍的卵子將其復蘇使用即可。冷凍卵子在中國屬于人類輔助生殖范圍，2001年衛生部曾經發布了《人類輔助生殖技術管理辦法》，并在2003年對其進行了部分修訂。其中明確提出，“人類輔助生殖技術是指運用醫學技術和方法對配子、合子、胚胎進行人工操作，以達到受孕目的的技術。人類輔助生殖技術的應用應當在醫療機構中進行，以醫療為目的，并符合國家計劃生育政策、倫理原則和有關法律規定。”

Xu Jinglei forwarded the weibo of CCTV news and said that there is a kind of creature called #single women in China#， seemingly showing dissatisfied with the regulations. Later， Han Han also forwarded the weibo and protested that must fertility be bound to marrying a man？ Han strongly questioned on the weibo： Isn’t it possible to conceive a child without marrying a man？ Can’t she use her own eggs？ Can’t women independently exercise reproductive rights？ What’s more， unmarried pregnant women won’t be given birth permission and their children can’t even register residence unless accepting the penalty of huge social cost of maintenance. Must fertility be bound to marrying a man？ Even such a straight man like me cannot accept it.

Egg freezing has instantly become a hot topic in the network and certainly the media also will not miss such a public hot spot that collects many stars’ comments. But Xu Jinglei， the protagonist of the event， paid no attention to the confusion. For the matter freezing eggs in the United States， she personally regards it as unimportant and her answer was also straightforward， “It’s really just to preserve a choice for me.” In an interview with the media， Xu said frankly， “I think that one of the most terrible things for people is having no choice. When I was 25 years old， I thought like this， but when I was 30， it turns， and then 35， it was also different. I am not particularly at ease about myself， because my mind has been changing at all time. Who knows if it was again in five years， I would like to give birth to a child. It’s really hard to say.”

From the answer， it is not hard to find Xu’s reason to freeze the eggs. She just simply wants to retain her reproductive opportunities in the future in the premise of the existing state of life unchanged. Nowadays， egg freezing clinical technology can totally help her to achieve her desire to delay the birth. For people like her who has no clear plan to be pregnant， it is really emphasizing real “regret medicine”. However， can the female friends who would like to delay childbearing through egg freezing completely relieve from the worries behind by this “regret medicine”？ Perhaps the pesticide effect of the medicine is not as perfect as we thought.

徐靜蕾轉發央視新聞的微博表示“有一種生物叫：#我國單身女性#”，疑對此項規定表示不滿。隨后，韓寒也轉發了微博表示異議，稱“生育必須要和找個男人結婚捆綁嗎”？韓寒在微博上強烈質疑：“想要個孩子但就是不想跟男人結婚不可以嗎？自己的卵子自己還不能用了嗎？女性不能獨立行使生育權利嗎？還有，未婚女性懷孕，準生證都不給，孩子未來連戶口都辦不下來，除非認罰巨額社會撫養費。生育必須要和找個男人結婚捆綁嗎？連我這個直男癌都看不下去了。”

“冷凍卵子”瞬間成為了網絡的熱搜話題，各路媒體也當然不會放過這樣一個匯集明星言論的輿論熱點。但事件的主角徐靜蕾卻不理會這些紛紛擾擾。對于去美國冷凍卵子這件事，她個人看得很淡，她的回答也很直接：“真的就是給自己存一個選擇，”在接受媒體采訪時，徐靜蕾坦言，“因為我覺得人最怕的事情就是沒有選擇。我25歲的時候覺得自己是這么想的，到30歲就變了，35歲又不一樣了，我對自己不是特別放心，因為想法一直在變，誰知道再過五年是不是又特想要小孩兒了呢，真說不好。”

從回答中，不難看出徐靜蕾冷凍卵子的原因。她只是單純的想在保持現有生活狀態不變的前提下，保留自己在未來的生育機會。而如今冷凍卵子的臨床技術也完全可以幫助她實現延后生育的愿望，對她這種對懷孕沒有明確規劃的人來說，還真是一味不折不扣的“后悔藥”。但是那些想要通過冷凍卵子從而延遲生育的女性朋友們，真的可以通過這“后悔藥”完全免去后顧之憂么？也許這味藥的“藥效”并沒有想象中的那么完美。

The Application of Egg Freezing Technology

凍卵技術的應用

The egg freezing technology which is called “the only regret medicine” in the world by Xu Jinglei has developed just about 30 years. In 1986， Australian scientists reported for the first that they conducted the first experimental study which successful brought about pregnancy through in vitro fertilization of frozen eggs. Since then， there are only over 200 children who were given birth through successful fertilization of recovered frozen eggs， which is even no more than 20 in China. Till the year 2004， China’s first baby bred by frozen eggs was just born in Jiangsu Province. From the initial slow freezing to today’s quick freezing， the protection degree of egg cells has been certainly improved. Even so， compared with the mature technology of sperm freezing and embryo freezing， egg freezing technology is far from mature.

In news reports， the comments of Chinese media about egg freezing event display the characteristics of diversified content. Social ethics， laws， technological means， interviews on the parties and their like have become the specification of the media to report scramblingly. But most of the media are skeptical of the practices to retain reproductive rights by egg freezing or to delay childbearing by means of science and technology for some realistic demand. The titles and contents of the articles are filled with words like “unreliable”， “controversial” and “illegal” and so on.

這項被徐靜蕾稱為世界上“唯一后悔藥”的凍卵技術發展了只有大概30年左右的時間。1986年，澳大利亞科學家首次報告了用冷凍卵子進行體外受精并獲成功妊娠的第一例實驗研究。從那時起到現在，使用冷凍卵子解凍復蘇后成功受精出生的孩子，全世界也只有200多名，在中國更是不足20例。到了2004年，中國首例采用冰凍卵子孕育的嬰兒才在江蘇誕生。從最初的慢速冷凍，到如今的快速冷凍，卵子細胞的受保護程度得到了一定的改善。即便如此，同技術成熟的精子冷凍和胚胎冷凍相比，卵子冷凍技術還遠沒有達到成熟的水平。

在新聞報道中，中國媒體對于冷凍卵子事件的表態呈現出多元化的內容特點。社會倫理、法律、技術手段，以及當事人采訪等，都成為媒體爭相報道的切入點。但是對于通過冷凍卵子來保留生育權，或者從現實需求來講，用科學技術手段來延遲生育的做法，多數媒體對此抱有質疑態度。“不靠譜”、“爭議”、“違法”等字眼充斥了標題和文章內容。

Compared to the conservative attitude in China， international egg freezing institutions in some other countries have opened the door for single women.

The United States is one of the most open and commercialized countries， where young women not only can freeze their eggs for later use， but also can even repay the debt by providing eggs. Related to the donor’s physical condition and the degree of education， the payment ranges from one thousand to ten thousand dollars. In big companies like Apple and Facebook， they even have started to reimburse the fees of egg freezing for female staff. Amony them Apple has a maximum amount of 20000 dollars. Apple says in one statement that they will further expand the welfare for the female staff members， including prolonged maternity leave and reimbursement for egg freezing.

Some other developed countries are also very open to egg freezing technology. The Japanese government allows single women under the age of 40 to freeze eggs. In May 2013， Japan’s first egg library was built. Japanese reproductive medicine ethics committee announced that the application for egg freezing of single women under the age of 40 is allowed to submit. Britain has begun using egg freezing technology for more than 10 years， and it has extracted and frozen eggs about 16，000. Among the owners of the eggs， the proportion of young single ladies is rising year by year. In Britain， there are more than 70 medical institutions which have legal license. Spain supports women in egg freezing and at the same time there are related legal constraints， laws and regulations that all healthy women over 18 years old can use the assisted reproductive technology provided by legal institutions to donate or use the eggs in the library. The laws also provide that the related institutions should absolutely guarantee the donor’s personal privacy.

相對于中國的保守態度，國際上有些國家的凍卵機構卻已經對單身女性打開了大門。

美國算是最開放和最商業化的國家，年輕女性不僅可以冷凍自己的卵子以備后用，甚至可以通過提供卵子，來償還債務。報酬的多少與捐贈者的身體情況、受教育程度等相關，從千元到萬元不等。甚至在蘋果、facebook這樣的大公司，也已經開始為女員工報銷冷凍卵子的費用。其中蘋果將給予最多高達2萬美元的報銷額。蘋果在一份聲明中表示：“我們將繼續擴大公司女性員工的福利，包括延長產假及報銷冷凍卵子費用等。”

其他一些發達國家也對凍卵技術持開放態度。日本政府允許40歲以下單身女性凍卵。2013年5月，日本首個卵子庫建成。日本生殖醫學會倫理委員會宣布，允許40歲以下單身女性遞交冷凍卵子的申請。英國冷凍卵子技術已經有10年以上的經驗，所提取并冷凍的卵子大約有1.6萬枚。在這些卵子的主人中，年輕單身女性所占的比重正在逐年上升。目前，英國共有超過70多家醫療機構持有合法執照。西班牙在支持女性進行凍卵的同時，也有相關法律的約束。法律規定，所有年滿18歲的成年健康女性都可以使用合法機構提供的輔助生殖技術來捐贈或使用卵子庫中的卵子。法律也規定相關機構要絕對保證捐贈者的個人隱私。

The Potential Risks of Egg Freezing Technology

冷凍卵子技術的潛在風險

Literally， egg freezing technology seems similar sperm freezing. However， in terms of acquiring， the technique of getting eggs is much more complicated than that of getting sperms. Although egg freezing technology has upgraded from laboratory stage to clinical application， University of Wisconsin announced the formation of the world’s first egg bank until 2008， which also proved the difficulty of this technology from the side （In early 1970s， the United States had established a sperm bank with improved technology）. As it is complex and difficult to obtain， it also brings about potential health risks to the objects of the egg.

Each step of egg freezing operation is likely to bring direct or indirect damage to the implemented object， among which side effects of the ovulation drugs come first.

冷凍卵子技術從字面上理解，仿佛同冷凍精子異曲同工，然而從獲取上來說，獲得卵子的技術遠比獲得精子的技術復雜得多。雖然冷凍卵子技術已經從實驗室階段升級為臨床應用，但直到2008年美國的威斯康辛大學才宣布成立全球第一個卵子庫的事實，也從側面應證了這一技術的困難程度（早在20世紀70年代，美國就已經建立起技術完善的精子庫）。由于其復雜且難度頗高的獲取方式也給供卵對象帶來了潛在的健康風險。

冷凍卵子手術的每一個步驟都有可能給實施對象帶來直接或間接的傷害。首當其沖的便是排卵藥物帶來的副作用。

Ovarian Hyper-Stimulation Syndrome （OHSS） is the women’s common symptom during the process of inducing ovulation by dugs. When being frozen， eggs which are more than normal ovulation number should be provided and the women who would like to preserve eggs through egg freezing technology have to mature the egg cells by ovulation injection， so there is the risk of developing OHSS high-risk signs. According to Human Reproduction Update published in Oxford Journal， the incidence of serious OHSS complications is 0.5% to 5%. Mild symptoms are abdominal distention， nausea， diarrhea or weight gain and what’s more serious， it may cause abdominal swelling， tachypnea， pleural effusion， cardiac arrest and even death.

In addition， taking eggs from vagina with the guidance of B ultrasound belongs to the minimally invasive surgery. Therefore， it is possible to injure the uterus， urinary bladder， intestinal canal， blood vessel and other pelvic structures around ovary. If any mistake is made， it is likely to cause infection， sequentially lead to infertility.

OHSS是女性通過藥物誘發排卵過程中較為常見的癥狀。由于冷凍時需要提供多于正常排卵數量的卵子，希望通過卵子冷凍技術來保存卵子的女性不得不通過打排卵針的方式來促成卵細胞成熟，因此存在出現OHSS高危征象的風險。據刊登在牛津期刊上的《人類生殖學快訊》文章顯示，OHSS嚴重并發癥的發生率為0.5%-5%。輕度癥狀為腹脹、惡心、腹瀉或者體重增加等，嚴重的有可能導致腹部腫脹、呼吸急促、胸膜積液、心跳中止，甚至死亡。

另外，在B超引導下的陰道取卵屬于微創手術，因此存在損傷子宮、膀胱、腸管、血管及其他卵巢周圍的盆腔結構的可能性。如果出現失誤，很可能會造成感染，從而導致不孕。

Although the risks above are small probability events， once the serious accident happened， it will be an irreversible consequence. Even if they can get compensation by legal devices， the infertility and even fatal consequences caused by the accident can only be borne by themselves.

Apart from the risks to the parties concerned， successful freezing and resurrection of the eggs is also a chance event. Although modern egg freezing technology has been increasingly mature， the highest recovery rate of the frozen eggs is only 70% now. Qiao Jie， the president of Peking University Third Hospital， said in an interview， “Egg-freezing needs further study. As the oocyte is delicate and there is much water in its cells， when being frozen， ice crystals are easy to form inside， which may cause damages to the oocytes. It is why the technique is quite difficult. ” According to experts， what affect the probability of final pregnancy success also include the environment in mothers’ uterus and other factors. In the face of the expensive operation cost， people who want to freeze eggs should also be ready to face the 30% failure rate. And the success rate also has a very close relation to the egg quality which is why the experts don’t recommend women over 40 to freeze eggs.

雖然上述風險都是小概率事件，但一旦嚴重的事故發生了，便是不可逆的后果。即便可以使用法律手段獲得賠償，但因為事故造成的不孕，甚至傷亡后果也只能是自己來承擔。

除了給當事人帶來的風險外，卵子的成功冷凍和復蘇也是幾率事件。雖然現代卵子冷凍技術已經日趨成熟，但目前被冷凍卵子復蘇率最高也只有70%左右。北京大學第三醫院院長喬杰接受采訪時表示：“卵母細胞冷凍需要更進一步去研究，因為卵母細胞本身比較嬌氣，在冷凍的時候，它的細胞里面含水比較多，所以容易形成冰晶，可能會對卵母細胞造成一些損害，所以這個技術是比較困難的。” 據專家表示，影響到最終妊娠成功概率的，還有媽媽的子宮內環境等因素。在面對不菲的手術費用的同時，冷凍卵子者還要做好面對那30%失敗率的準備，而且成功率的高低與卵子的質量也有著十分密切的關系，這也正是為何專家不建議40歲以上女性冷凍卵子。

The Family and Social Problems Caused by

Delaying Childbearing

女性延遲生育可能帶來的家庭

及社會問題

The age of 25 to 35 is the best age for women to conceive and it is also the age stage with the most abundant professional and emotional life. Many single women at this age who would like to delay childbearing by freezing healthy eggs hope to dedicate themselves to professional and emotional life and be free from fertility problems in the “golden age”. With the increasing knowledge of childbearing， female know intimately what the risks of elder pregnant women. In order to avoid such risks， surrogate manpower is likely to be the best way for elder egg-freezing women to give birth. However， surrogacy is banned by law in China.

Childbearing delay will bring many unpredictable social problems that it may create many illegal surrogate groups. Organizations or individuals that regard selling the fertility of uterus as the major way of benefiting may be flocking to emerge because of the huge demand of the market. As fertility is peculiar to women， women of certain ages are very likely to be the victims of wrongdoings. What’s more， the rights and interests of newborns given birth to by surrogate are not protected by law in China. After communicating with legal experts， the reporter found that there is actually a fairly complex social problem behind the contradiction of the limitation of egg freezing technology application and the single women’s reproductive rights. Taking the example of inheritance， as the definition of a deceased is not clearly limited the way of birth in China， an unnatural born citizen can also be inherited. For this reason， if the natural born party requires more heritage than the heir who was born by frozen egg， from the perspective of the evaluation of a natural person regarded by current laws， it will lead to disputes. However， even if everything runs following the legal norms of assistive technologies， some social ethical problems will also be brought about.

From the perspective of families， healthy and stable members are the units to build a family. Dozens of centuries， the age and generation of the family members can not only reflect their status hierarchy in the family， but show the prosperity of a family. But to freeze eggs for the purpose of extending fertility period is likely to cause great changes of age structure in family members in the future.

25-35歲是女性懷孕的最佳年齡，同時也是職業和感情生活最豐富的年齡階段。很多打算在這個年齡段通過冷凍健康卵子來延遲生育的單身女性，都希望在“黃金年齡”時可以全身心的投入到職業和感情生活中，免受生育問題的困擾。隨著女性對于生育知識愈發的了解，大齡孕婦的風險也被熟知。為了避免這樣的風險，人工代孕很可能會成為高齡凍卵女性所選擇的最佳生育方式。然而代孕在中國是被法律所明令禁止的。

延遲生育還會帶來很多不可預知的社會問題，這可能會催生非法代孕群體。以出賣子宮生育能力為主要盈利方式的組織或個人，可能會因為市場的巨大需求而趨之若鶩。因為生育能力是女性特有的，特定年齡段的女性也極有可能成為不法行為的受害者。不僅如此，在中國通過代孕出生的新生兒，其權益不受法律保護。記者在同法律專家溝通時了解到，冷凍卵子技術應用的限制與中國單身女性生育權利相矛盾的背后，實際上是一個相當復雜的社會問題。以繼承事件為例，由于中國對于被繼承人的定義并未明確出生方式，因此非自然出生的公民也可以成為被繼承對象。假如自然出生的一方因為這個問題要求比使用冷凍卵出生的繼承人獲得更多遺產，從現行法律對于自然人的評判來看，可能會引起紛爭。但是，即便一切皆遵循輔助技術的法律規范來運行，也會帶來一些社會倫理問題。

從家庭的角度來講，健康、穩定的成員是構建家庭的單元。幾十個世紀以來，家族成員的年齡輩分不僅可以體現成員在家庭中的層級地位，還可以顯示出家族的興旺程度。但是以延長生育期限為目的而冷凍卵子，將來很有可能造成家庭成員年齡結構的巨大變化。

In 2013， Southern People Weekly published an article entitled The Rebirth of a Mother Who Lost Her Only Child. In 2009， 60-year-old Sheng Hailin suffered from unbearable sadness after losing her only daughter. Hence， she decided to adventure the test-tube baby surgery hoping to comfort her deadly injured soul by “regeneration”. During pregnancy， Sheng Hailin experienced the dangers and tortures of hemorrhoea， overall pain， body dropsy and so on. On May 25， 2010， with the birth of the twin daughters “Zhi Zhi” and “Hui Hui”， Sheng broke the age limit of maternal birth to become China’s oldest delivery woman.

The birth of daughters was a great happy event， which diluted the haze in Sheng Hailin’s heart. They look at the children growing up day by day happily， but age and physical strength has become a new problem troubled the old couple. Sheng Signed with mention， “my only concern is how long can I insist on”. Even young parents would feel tired in child caring， not to mention Sheng’s family with such a huge age difference. A few years later， the couple would reach the age of retirement. Then where does the high cost of child-rearing come from？ Originally without the twin daughters， the old couple’s life can be very rich. Now for their livelihood， the old couple who are more than 60 years old have to start work again to support the family. Exhausted， tired and toiling， how many years do the Sheng and her husband who should have enjoyed family happiness have to work to make the future for their children have no trouble back at home？ Time and tide wait for no man. Another more serious problem has followed by： how long can the couple take care of their children？

Imagine if more and more women choose egg freezing to keep their reproductive rights， family like Sheng Hailin’s won’t be alone. The one-child policy has led to the emergence of many families that lost the only child. Then will the widespread application of egg freezing technology lead to more children orphaned in the future？ Bearing means responsibility. Childbearing delay can be solved by technical means， but the parenting of parents cannot be substituted for by any other channels. Maybe in the future， the issues of childrearing need to think about more than those of reproductive rights.

2013年，南方人物周刊曾經刊登過一篇題為《失獨重生記》的文章。2009年，年已60的盛海琳在失去獨生女兒之后悲傷難耐，于是決定冒險進行了試管嬰兒手術，希望通過“再生”來撫慰受到重創的心靈。懷孕期間，盛海琳經歷了大出血、渾身疼痛和身體浮腫等危險和痛苦折磨。2010年5月25日，隨著雙胞胎女兒“智智”和“慧慧”的誕生，盛海琳打破了中國產婦的生育年齡極限，成為了中國最高齡的產婦。

女兒的降臨固然是極大的喜事，這沖淡了盛海琳心中的陰霾。看著孩子們一天天長大，欣喜之余，年齡和體力成為了新的問題開始困擾老兩口。盛海琳感慨：“唯一擔心的是自己還能堅持多久。”年輕的父母在照顧孩子時，尚且會感到疲勞，更不要說年齡差如此巨大的盛海琳一家。過不了幾年，夫妻二人就到了退休的年齡，而如今育兒的高昂費用又要從何而來？原本沒有雙胞胎女兒前，老兩口生活可以很富足，如今已入平頭之年的二老為了生計又不得不重新開始工作，掙錢養家。疲憊、勞累、奔波，本該享受天倫之樂的盛海琳夫婦還要工作幾年才能讓孩子們的未來無后顧之憂？時間不等人，隨之而來的還有另外一個更嚴肅的問題：夫妻二人還能照顧孩子多久？

不妨設想一下，如果越來越多的女性選擇冷凍卵子的方式來保留自己的生育權，那么像盛海琳這樣的家庭恐怕不會成為個例。曾經的獨生子女政策導致了眾多失獨家庭的出現，那么冷凍卵子技術的大面積應用會不會讓更多孩子在將來成為孤兒？生育意味著責任，延遲生育是可以通過技術手段得以解決的，但父母對于孩子的養育是無法通過其它途徑來代替的。也許在將來，孩子的撫養問題比生育權力問題更需要思考。

Freezing eggs in the United States belongs to personal incident of Xu Jinglei which does not involve the argument whether it violates women’s reproductive rights or not. However， after the institutional explanation of the official media， it raised people’s debate about reproductive rights and the height of the topic even rose to feminism for a time. The voices of the celebrities on the Internet are mostly backed Xu Jinglei， supporting her actions and thoughts. It is understandable that the netizens have different voices but it’s quite exaggerated to raise the female reproductive rights to woman’s rights. That is because the netizens are not satisfied with the restrictions of single women’s reproductive rights in present system of our country. Literally， the provisions of forbidding Chinese single women to freeze eggs in “Regulations for the Management of Human Assisted Reproductive Technology” issued by the Ministry of Health in 2001 go against the inherent reproductive rights of women， but the national conditions at that time can never be neglected when we discuss this problem.

At the initial time of setting the system， China was facing the impact of high fertility when unmarried pregnancy was concerned a violation of public policy and risqué， and technology is also far from developed as today. From this point， the limitation of current system is also understandable. Even now， egg freezing technology is regarded as a kind of auxiliary treatment in most countries of the world. It remains the possibility of fertility for people with fertility problems and reproductive system function damage caused by chemotherapy. According to the survey， very few countries （only four countries， the United States， British， Japan and Spain） allow single women to implement egg freezing operation for the purpose of extending fertility period. The reason why egg freezing technology is not promoted all over the world is that every country has its own unique national condition and culture.

Can egg freezing for single women in China to retain reproductive rights be legalized in the future？ Maybe this time the event that Xu Jinglei froze her eggs in the United States will be a turning point to further perfect the regulations for the use of artificial assisted reproductive technology in China. After all， any policy should keep pace with the time and the regulations that have not adapt to the development of the time should be timely adjusted. In the future， the application of the single women egg freezing technology may experience some twists and turns， but it may be like the legalized course of homosexuality in the European and American countries that after a period with growing pains， further legislative games will unaffectedly make it more formal. At the same time， along with the transition of ideas， egg freezing will have new understandings on the matter. By that time， people’s concerns may be no longer the application but they will weigh the pros and cons. At that time， the contents of their discussion are more meaningful. However， the current noises are just people’s hunger for their own rights.

徐靜蕾前往美國冷凍卵子，屬于個人事件，不涉及是否侵害女性生育權的問題，但通過官方媒體的制度解讀，引發了人們對于生育權的爭論。話題的高度甚至一度上升為女權主義。眾名人在網絡上的發聲大都力挺徐靜蕾，支持她的行為和想法。網友有不同的聲音是可以理解的，但將女性生育權上升到女權還是有些夸張。究其原因，是網友對于現行制度對中國單身女性生育權限制的不滿。表面上看，2001年衛生部《人類輔助生殖技術管理辦法》中對于中國單身女性不可以隨意“凍卵”的規定有悖于女性與生俱來的生育權，但我們在討論這個問題時，絕不可忽視當時的國情。

制度制定之初，中國正面臨著高生育率的沖擊，未婚先孕還被視為違背良俗、有傷風化，技術上也遠遠沒有現在這么發達。從這一點來講，現行制度存在局限性也是可以理解的。時至今日，世界上多數國家也只是將冷凍卵子技術作為一種輔助治療措施，為有生育障礙和因化療引發生殖系統功能損害的人群保留生育的可能性。據調查，允許單身女性以延長生育期限為目的而實施卵子冷凍手術的國家非常少，只有美國、英國、日本和西班牙四個國家。冷凍卵子的技術之所以沒有在全球范圍內推廣，也是因為受到各個國家國情和文化的不同所影響。

對于中國單身女性通過冷凍卵子保留生育權這樣一個行為，將來能否被合法化？也許這次徐靜蕾赴美冷凍卵子的事件可以成為一個契機，來進一步完善中國對于人工輔助生殖技術的使用規定，畢竟任何政策都要與時俱進，那些已經不適應當今時代發展的規定應該得到及時的調整。將來，單身女性冷凍卵子技術的應用可能會經歷一番波折，但也許會像同性戀在歐美國家的合法歷程一樣，經歷過一段陣痛期后，更深入的立法博弈自然會讓這件事更加規范。同時，隨著觀念的轉變，人們對冷凍卵子這件事也會有新的認識。到那時，人們的關注點或許就已經不再是能否使用，而是利弊的權衡。在彼時，人們討論的內容才更有意義。而此時的喧囂也只是對于自身權益的渴望罷了。