兒童超重成全球焦點

Currently， about 155 million school children are overweight， and 30-40 million children are obese. Reports about children obesity are increasing and this global trend has already caused great concern.

Children overweight and obesity may last to adulthood. 55% and 75% of overweight from 6 to 11 and from 12 to 17 respectively can last to adulthood. Obesity from childhood to adulthood reciprocally influences with cardiovascular diseases and non-infectious diseases， which will further aggravate obesity.

目前，全球約有1.55億學齡兒童青少年超重，3000萬到4000萬兒童青少年肥胖。關于兒童肥胖的流行病學報道越來越多，其全球流行趨勢已引起高度關注。

兒童青少年期體重超重和肥胖最嚴重的后果是到成年期的延續，發生于6～11歲和12～17歲的肥胖，分別有約55%和75%將持續到成年，而延續到成年的肥胖又與心血管疾病、非傳染性疾病相互影響，從而加劇其發生與發展。

Overweight children

in China： 12%

中國12%兒童超重

In today’s China， obesity begins to show the characteristics of becoming younger and increasing of adolescent obesity rate. Zhang Yongjian， the director of the Research Center of Food and Drug Industry Development and Regulatory of Chinese Academy of Social Science， said “we used to think that the overweight people were mostly in western developed countries， while actually， the obesity rate in middle and low income countries keeps increasing. The growth rate of overweight and obesity in childhood of developing countries has been 30% higher than that of developed countries. In China， there are 12% of children are overweight.”

The research center in which Zhang Yongjian works and Guangdong Lvshou Health Information Consulting Co.， Ltd jointly launched the programme “Research on Chinese Overweight”， and focused on the impact of obesity on adolescents. “Children obesity has been concerned globally and WHO even set up Termination of the Childhood Obesity Committee， because obesity in childhood is more serious than that in adulthood” Zhang Yongjian said. An investigation shows that， 45-50% of pupil obesity and 60-70% of high school student obesity will keep this trend to being obese. Besides， compared to peers of normal weight， obese adolescents are more likely depressed and tend to be inferiority complex and self-closing.

在當今中國，已經出現肥胖問題日趨低齡化、青少年肥胖率持續增長等特征。中國社科院食品藥品產業發展與監管研究中心主任張永建說，“在我們以往的概念中，肥胖人群大多集中在歐美發達國家，但現實情況是，中低收入國家的肥胖率正在上升，發展中國家的兒童期超重和肥胖增長率，已經比發達國家高出30%，而中國有12%的兒童超重。”

在張永建供職的研究中心和廣東綠瘦健康信息咨詢有限公司共同啟動的一項關于“中國人體重超重課題研究”中，重點關注肥胖對青少年的影響。“全世界都在關注兒童肥胖問題，WHO甚至專門成立了‘終止兒童期肥胖癥委員會’。因為青少年肥胖比成年人肥胖影響更為嚴重。”張永建說，有調查顯示，45%至50%的小學生肥胖者和60%-70%的中學生肥胖者在成年后仍然肥胖，另外與體重正常的同齡人相比，肥胖青少年更容易情緒低落，形成自卑心理和自閉性格。

According to the “Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey” co-released by the University of North Carolina and CCDCP， in China 1.9% of youth between 12 and 18 are suffering from diabetes， which is four times of their correspondences of US. China now has about 1.7 million young people have diabetes and 27.7 million people are diagnosed to be pre-diabetes. What’s worse， large quantities of researches in China show that Chinese young people are gaining weight even faster than people in the west countries.

今年，美國北卡羅來納大學與中國疾控中心合作發布的《中國健康與營養調查》顯示，中國12至18歲的孩子中1.9%患有糖尿病，這一數字是美國同齡人的4倍。中國目前共有170萬青少年飽受糖尿病之苦，另有2770萬人被認為處于糖尿病前期。同時，國內的很多研究也表明，中國的青少年肥胖發展速度比歐美發達國家發展速度還要快。

European youth

overweight： 1/3

歐洲1/3青少年超重

Youth overweight problem is beyond China. February 25， 2014， WHO announced that children overweight is now becoming a great health challenge in Europe， and about 1/3 of European teenagers are overweight.

According to the reports released by WHO， in the 53 European countries and regions， overweight children of 13 and 11 years old are respectively 27% and 33%. WHO Regional Director for Europe Zsuzsanna Jakab thought that the reasons for European children to be obese have a lot， like being short of exercise for a long time， in favor of cheap， high-fat and high sugar convenience food， which would cause “critical damage” to their health.

青少年超重問題并不僅僅存在于當今中國。2014年2月25日，世界衛生組織發布消息稱，兒童體重超標正在成為歐洲面臨的又一項巨大的健康風險，大約有1/3的歐洲青少年超重。

根據世界衛生組織發布的報告，在歐洲53個國家和地區中，13歲的兒童中有27%超重，11歲的兒童中則有33%超重。世界衛生組織歐洲區主任祖桑娜·杰卡布認為，歐洲兒童肥胖的原因是多方面的，如長期缺乏體育運動，推崇廉價、高脂肪、高糖的方便食品的文化等，這將對青少年的身體造成“致命傷害”。

The report further said that among the children of 11 years old， countries with the highest obesity rate are Greece， Portugal， Ireland and Spain， and those with the lowest rate are Netherlands and Switzerland. WHO recommends that people between 5 and 17 years old should take exercise for at least 60 minutes. WHO nutrition expert Brenda said “we need to create the environment inspiring sports and healthy dietary structure.”

報告稱，在11歲的兒童中，肥胖率最高的國家是希臘、葡萄牙、愛爾蘭和西班牙。肥胖率最低的則是荷蘭和瑞士。世界衛生組織建議，5歲至17歲的兒童每天應至少進行60分鐘的體育活動。世界衛生組織營養學專家布蘭達說：“我們需要創造鼓勵運動和健康飲食選擇的環境。

Different reasons of teenager overweight between China and the west

青少年超重原因中西有別

In people’s mind， more vegetables， less sugar and fast food in the dietary， and more exercises are helpful to control weight. But a new investigation by American scientists found that Chinese teenager with these relatively “healthy” living habits are likely to be overweight instead.

This investigation involved more than 9， 000 Chinese teenagers showed that teenager overweight in China and in the West may due to different reasons， which cannot be generalized. Researchers believed that this might because cultural differences and the changing lifestyles in the period of Chinese socio-economic transformation.

This investigation was conducted by researchers from the University of South California in these 7 cities as Harbin， Shenyang， Wuhan， Chengdu， Kunming， Hangzhou and Qingdao. The objects are junior and senior high school students from high， medium and low income families.

The investigation revealed that teenager overweight of China and the West share some common reasons， like sleeping less and watching long time TV， while it has more different reasons. One remarkable difference is that having more vegetables and less sugar and fast food caused Chinese teenagers to be overweight and dessert and fast food is considered to be one of the most important reasons causing teenager overweight in the West.

按照通常觀念，多吃蔬菜、少吃糖和快餐、勤于鍛煉，有利于控制體重。但美國科學家的一項新調查意外發現，有這些相對“健康”生活習慣的中國青少年反而容易超重。

這項涉及9000多名中國青少年的調查顯示，造成青少年超重的原因可能中西有別，不能一概而論。研究人員認為，這可能是由于文化差異以及中國社會經濟轉型期生活方式的變化所致。

這項調查由美國南加利福尼亞大學的研究人員完成。他們在中國哈爾濱、沈陽、武漢、成都、昆明、杭州和青島7個城市進行了調查，受調查對象為初中及高中生，來自高、中、低不同收入的家庭。

調查發現，中國和西方青少年體重超標有一些共同原因，如睡眠少和看電視時間長，但不同之處更多。其中引人注目的一項就是，相對吃蔬菜較多、吃糖和快餐較少的中國青少年容易超重，而在西方，甜食和快餐被認為是發胖的重要原因之一。

Other differences included： frequently taking part in intense exercises are more likely to gain weight， and teenagers with higher educational level and higher income tend to overweight， which is in opposite to the West.

It also found that boys in China are more likely gain weight than girls， while the rates being overweight for boys and girls in America are basically same.

Researchers also pointed out that the findings of this investigation could serve as the final conclusion. Because the questionnaire survey was conducted across different regions， and there might exist accidents. What’s more， description of their own lifestyles by the objects may not be accurate. On the impact of various factors on teenagers’ weight， more researches are required.

其他不同之處還有：經常參加激烈體育活動的中國青少年更容易超重；父母受教育水平高和收入較高的中國青少年更易超重，這與西方國家的情況也相反。

調查還發現，中國的男孩比女孩更易超重，而美國男孩和女孩超重的幾率基本相同；年齡越小的中國孩子發胖的幾率越大，在西方則是年齡較大的孩子較易發胖。

研究人員說，調查結果不能作為最終結論，因為問卷調查是跨地區進行，可能存在一些偶然因素，被調查對象關于自身生活習慣的報告也可能不準確。關于各種因素對青少年體重的影響，需要更多的研究確認。