〇蕭致治
(武漢大學,湖北 武漢 430072)
魏源是怎樣煉成百代名家的?
〇蕭致治
(武漢大學,湖北武漢430072)
摘要:魏源在中國學術史上,是一位百科全書式的百代名家。他在經學、哲學、經濟學、史地學以及佛教、道教、古典詩詞等諸多方面均有不朽的成就。特別在經世致用方面,力反前代專重考據之學,把研究學術和現實需要緊密結合起來,開啟了注重研究現實的新風尚,成了影響近百年中國歷史的著名啟蒙思想家。他究竟是怎樣煉成百代名家的,文章從魏源本人的素質、志向、勤奮好學、師友提攜,以及注重把學術研究和現實需要結合等方面進行了深入的探討,對后人應該如何治學有重大啟迪作用。
關鍵詞:魏源; 百代名家; 如何煉成
How was Wei Yuan Toughened and
Hardened into a Master of Generations?
XIAO Zhi-zhi
(School of History, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)
Abstract:Wei Yuan was an encyclopedic master of generations in Chinese academic history. He had made great achievements in many aspects such as the study of Confucian classics, philosophy, economy, history and geography, Buddhism, Taoism, and classical poetry. Especially on the aspect of Administration and Pragmatism, he stood firmly against one-sided textual research, combined academic research with the reality, set the fashion of emphasizing on the study of the reality, and became an famous illuminative ideologist who influenced Chinese history in the last hundred years. How was he toughened and hardened into a master of generations? This article probes into Wei Yuan’s quality, aspirations, diligence, teachers’ and friends’ guide and support, and his focus on the combination of academic study and the reality, for inspiration to later generations’ study.
Key words:Wei Yuan; a master of generations; how to be toughened and hardened into
魏源是中國從古代傳統農業社會向近代工業社會轉型時期的一位先進思想家、今文經學家、杰出改革家、史地學家、詩人。他生于1794年4月23日,歿于1857年3月26日,實際只活了63歲。他的一生,只在五十歲以后做了幾年州縣官,仕途頗不得志??墒牵趯W術方面卻獲得了古今罕見的成就。他的學術遺產十分豐富,流傳至今的尚有一千多萬字,散失的也不少。他不僅著作等身,而且在許多方面均有創新性成果,足以流傳百世,堪稱百代名家。
一、杰出的學術成就
魏源和當時許多文人學士一樣,在青少年時代,學習的主要是官方提倡的宋明理學,并且出類拔萃,很受當時學界青睞。先后做過湖南學政的李宗瀚、湯金釗等對他十分器重。1814年(嘉慶十九年),當他20歲時,即蒙湖南學政湯金釗考選為拔貢,推薦貢入京城國子監深造?!?br>