黃娟
摘要:新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)我國(guó)生育政策歷經(jīng)了波浪式的發(fā)展歷程。文章結(jié)合社會(huì)機(jī)制相關(guān)理論對(duì)此過(guò)程進(jìn)行梳理,發(fā)現(xiàn)生育政策的變遷伴隨著社會(huì)機(jī)制的不斷調(diào)整,表現(xiàn)為從20世紀(jì)50年代的以“行政—計(jì)劃”、制約模式為主,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向20世紀(jì)八九十年代以來(lái)的“指導(dǎo)—服務(wù)”、保障模式為主。當(dāng)前,生育政策開(kāi)始躍出單純行政命令的簡(jiǎn)單模式與范疇,在社會(huì)機(jī)制的關(guān)照之下,將單一的制度性力量柔化為隱含于整體社會(huì)架構(gòu)之下,通過(guò)多層面的制度外力量,協(xié)調(diào)國(guó)家人口意識(shí)與個(gè)人生育行為之間的空隙,從而為人口發(fā)展提供和諧力量。
關(guān)鍵詞:生育政策;社會(huì)機(jī)制;變遷
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):C924.21文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1000-4149(2014)06-0119-08
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2014.06.012
The Adjustment of Family Planning Policy and Changes of Social Mechanism
since the Founding of New China
HUANG Juan
(School of Marxism,Changsha University of Science & Technology,Changsha 410114,China)
Abstract:Since the establishment of the new Chinese,family planning policy in our country has experienced the development course of wave type. We found that changes in fertility policy along with the continuous adjustment of social mechanism, from the 1950s mainly by administrative plan and control mode, gradually to the 1990s mainly by guide – service and security mode. The current fertility policy, leap the limitations of pure administrative orders, under the care of social mechanism, soften the institutional power single implied in the whole social framework, through the power system of multi level, reconcile the gap between national population awareness and individual reproductive behavior, provide the harmonious strength for population development.
Keywords:family planning policy;social mechanism;changes
人口再生產(chǎn)是社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要前提,作為人口大國(guó),如何協(xié)調(diào)人口、資源、發(fā)展間的關(guān)系,是我國(guó)人口政策的核心。新中國(guó)成立以來(lái),生育政策隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展的具體形態(tài),出現(xiàn)了適應(yīng)性調(diào)整。學(xué)界從社會(huì)需求的層面論證生育政策的實(shí)效與價(jià)值,關(guān)注的多是生育政策制定的宏觀社會(huì)環(huán)境,但對(duì)政策的具體運(yùn)行模式、政策與社會(huì)機(jī)制之間的互動(dòng)研究卻鮮有涉及。本文在分析社會(huì)機(jī)制與生育政策理論關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,嘗試從歷史視角出發(fā),考察和分析新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)社會(huì)機(jī)制和運(yùn)作模式的不斷變化之下生育政策調(diào)整的具體形態(tài),進(jìn)而從社會(huì)機(jī)制變化的背景和條件來(lái)分析生育政策不斷完善應(yīng)有的價(jià)值取向。
一、社會(huì)機(jī)制與生育政策的關(guān)系……p>