“福爾摩斯”破題

武兵

在英語閱讀理解中，推理判斷題屬于主觀題，包括推理題和判斷題，是層次較高的題型。推判斷題最能體現(xiàn)考生的英語綜合運用能力，也是閱讀理解中占比例較大的一種題型。現(xiàn)根據(jù)歷年的高考題，歸納一些解題方法，希望對考生備考有所裨益。

鎖定關(guān)鍵詞

（2013年江蘇卷）Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end， he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums， looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see_______ .

A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends

B.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression

C.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies

D.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones

分析：題干的關(guān)鍵詞是Rothschilds study，根據(jù)to

find out how widespread the problem was in the past 和to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression 可知答案為B。其他選項與Rothschilds study沒有關(guān)系。

1.根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞定位推理依據(jù)的范圍，并利用語法、詞匯、語境等線索，理清上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。

2.有時候正確選項在文中沒有明確提及，而是從文章引申出來的含義或歸納全文得出的結(jié)論。

以文章事實為依托

（2013年江蘇卷）I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions， Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

How do Twains novels on slavery differ from Stowes？（ ）

A.Twain was more willing to deal with racism.

B.Twains attack on racism was much less open.

C.Twains themes seemed to agree with plots.

D.Twain was openly concerned with racism.

分析：根據(jù)Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely可以知道馬克·吐溫是在談及其他事情中提及對奴隸制的偏見和攻擊，他的早期小說則是直接攻擊奴隸制（dealt directly with slavery）。因此B項說他的小說對種族主義的攻擊非常不明顯是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹項文中沒有提及。C項與題干無關(guān)，答非所問。D項文章沒有提及。

考生不可脫離原文，僅憑個人的主觀看法就認為答案是對的。例如有的考生認為答案符合常理或自然規(guī)律就是正確的，其實不然。

注意作者的態(tài)度、思想傾向和感情色彩

（2014年江蘇卷）Before I was two， I was adopted by an Anglo couple. Fed three square meals a day， I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer—books， music， education， church life and community activities. In a family of blue-eyed blonds， though， I stood out like a sore thumb. Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different， my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin， or made fun of my clumsy walk. Moody and impatient， burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need， I was not an easy child to love. My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years， but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents， and as women of strength in our own right. Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me， I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.

What can be inferred from Mummy's Anglo family life？（ ）

A.She used to experience an identity crisis.

B.She fought against her American identity.

C.She forgot the pains of her early years.

D.She kept her love for Asia from childhood.

分析：根據(jù)I was not an easy child to love和倒數(shù)第二句Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me， I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own可知作者因為不知道自己的身世而感到困惑，即她經(jīng)歷了身份認同危機。故A項正確。

1. 留意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達感情色彩的形容詞和副詞。

2. 要特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境和氣氛的詞語，體會文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，悟出作者的弦外之音。

3. 了解英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景。

把握寫作思路 ，合理推測

（2014年遼寧卷）The company spent millions of do-llars developing programmes of study to train employees on self?control.Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workerslives.Those courses are，in part，why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.

What can we infer from the passage？（ ）

A.G&G has grown into a large company.

B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.

C.G&G may become more successful in the future.

D.G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.

分析：根據(jù)文章第二句可知， willpower成為員工的生活習(xí)慣，由此可以推測，公司在將來可能會更加成功。故C項正確。

這類題目的答案一般不會直接呈現(xiàn)在文章里，所以考生要把握作者的寫作思路，如事件的發(fā)展經(jīng)過、因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系等。