“虛擬語氣”考點精析

我們先來回顧湖北近幾年高考對虛擬語氣的考查：

1. （2014年）You the meeting to tell me that； you could have come to tell me afterwards. （interrupt）

你不該打斷會議來告訴我那件事，你本來可以會后再告訴我。

答案 shouldn’t have interrupted

考點 考查“情態動詞+完成時”表達“虛擬語氣”的效果，即shouldn’t have done表示“本來不該做而實際做了某事”。

2. （2013年）Most believe he for England last week， but for a serious injury which put him out of football. （play）

多數人認為，要不是因為受了重傷告別足球，上周他本會為英格蘭踢球的。

答案 could/would have played

考點 考查but for引導的虛擬句。

3. （2012年）Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule， we the train. （miss）

要不是用了一張過期的列車時刻表，我們就不會誤了火車。

答案 wouldn’t have missed

考點 考查省略if的虛擬條件句

4.（2011年）If alcohol last night， I could have driven my car home. （drink）

如果我昨晚沒有喝酒，我就能夠開車回家。

答案 I had not drunk

考點 考查if條件句中的虛擬語氣

5. （2010年） Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention at the meeting. （discuss）

約翰遜先生主張在會上討論那個值得關注的問題。

答案 （should） be discussed

考點 考查insist賓語從句后用虛擬語氣。

下面我們歸納一下虛擬語氣的考查要點，同學們需要在理解的基礎上進行識記。

1. 在非真實性條件句中的用法

1）表示與現在事實相反

[if從句＼主句＼一般過去時（were）＼would/should/could/might+動詞原形＼]

If I were you， I should accept the invitation.

If I had time， I would go there.

2）與過去事實相反

[if從句＼主句＼過去完成時＼would/should/could/might+have done＼]

If you had come earlier， you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus. （事實是來晚了，也沒趕上車。）

If he had seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book. （事實上沒見到，所以沒還書。）

3） 與將來事實可能相反

[if從句＼主句＼一般過去時（be多用were）/should do/were to do＼would/should/could/might+動詞原形＼]

If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow， the sports meet would be put off.

萬一明天下雨，運動會就推遲。（事實上明天下雨的可能性不大。）

4）if的省略

如果條件句中有were， had， should等助動詞，可將if省略，把were， had或should置于句首，句子倒裝。

Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put off.

Had he seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book.

5）混合時間條件句與主句

條件句與主句的動作發生的時間有先后之差，應按各自動作時間搭配好相應的結構形式。

If you had followed the doctor’s advice， you would be fine now.

6）含蓄條件句與主句

即用without（=but for）， or（else）， otherwise代替if從句。

Without/But for his help， we wouldn’t have made such great progress.=If there hadn’t been/we hadn’t his help， we wouldn’t have made such great progress.

7）特殊結構的條件句

If it were not for...“如果沒有……”表示與現在事實相反的假設。