曾克輝
1. 問:在It is necessary (important, natural, strange, a pity...) that sb should do sth句式中,從句的謂語為什么用should?
答:不用should是直陳語氣,表示的是客觀的一般性陳述;用should是虛擬語氣,含個人情感和態(tài)度,強(qiáng)調(diào)“應(yīng)當(dāng)”“驚訝”“意外”“遺憾”等含義。例如:
Its strange that she dislikes our head teacher. 她不喜歡班主任是奇怪的。(直陳語氣,陳述客觀事實(shí),不帶個人情感)
Its strange that she should dislike our head teacher. 真奇怪,她竟然討厭班主任。(虛擬語氣,“驚訝”,帶個人情感)
Its a pity that she should live in an unreal world. 可惜,她生活在一個虛幻的世界里。(遺憾)
Its important that children should be honest. 孩子們誠實(shí)很重要。(應(yīng)當(dāng)、必須)
Its a shame that he should have forgotten me. 真可惜,他居然把我忘了。(意外、遺憾)
2. 問:有這樣一道高考題:Shortly after the accident, two police were sent to the spot to keep order. (A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of) 答案是C。為什么不選D呢?
答:這是1992年高考(全國卷)第29小題。其實(shí)有不少同學(xué)對dozen和score這兩個詞感到頭疼,解答如下:
①作數(shù)量詞時,dozen表示“十二個”,score表示“二十個”。用法與hundred, thousand等類似。如:a dozen apples“十二個蘋果(一打蘋果)”,two score chairs“四十張椅子”,three hundred people“三百個人”。所以,你問的這道題選C項(xiàng)是正確的。
②作單位詞時,score后可接of,但dozen后接of很罕見。如:five score (of) fish 一百尾魚(省略of則score為數(shù)量詞),three dozen eggs 三打雞蛋。
③在表示“幾十個”不確定的泛指數(shù)時用dozens of或scores of,用法同tens of, hundreds of, thousands of...。如:dozens of/scores of students“好幾十個學(xué)生”。
④dozens of和scores of前若用some, several, a few, many等詞時,dozen和score可去掉s(很少保留)和of。如:several dozens/scores of people=several dozen/score people。
⑤當(dāng)后面有人稱代詞(you, us, them)時,名詞前有定冠詞(the)、物主代詞(my, your, his, her, their, its)以及指示代詞(these, those)限定時,要用“數(shù)詞+dozen/score+of”,dozen和score均不加s。如:a dozen of them, two score of the books, three score of my sheep, four dozen of those children。
⑥有三個慣用詞組需特別記憶:three score (years) and ten“七十歲,古稀之年”;three score of people“六十人”;three score and ten people“七十人”。
3. 問:“He left here half an hour ago.”這個句子中的half an hour能不能用a half hour?
答:可以,但前者更為常見。這個問題涉及到英美人的不同的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
①英國人表達(dá)“一半”的數(shù)量一般用half an hour, half a dozen...,不定冠詞a/an放在half之后;表達(dá)一個數(shù)量單位時,不定冠詞放在half之前而且在half與數(shù)量單位詞之間加連字符“-”,如:a half-dozen 半打, a half-year 半年, a half-apple 半個蘋果。
②但在美國英語中,無論是表示數(shù)量還是單位都不加連字符。……