劉蘋等
摘 要: 試驗(yàn)研究了3種可降解地膜對土壤養(yǎng)分和棉花產(chǎn)量的影響,并與普通地膜進(jìn)行對比。結(jié)果表明:覆膜處理在棉花蕾期顯著提高了表層土壤中堿解氮、有效磷和速效鉀的含量,同時(shí)EC值提高,可降解地膜處理的土壤EC值和養(yǎng)分含量均高于普通膜處理。3種可降解地膜與普通地膜覆蓋比不覆膜處理棉花分別增產(chǎn)12.3%、10.2%、5.7%和4.7%。
關(guān)鍵詞: 可降解地膜;棉花;土壤養(yǎng)分;產(chǎn)量
中圖分類號: S317+S562.01 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識號:A 文章編號: 1001 - 4942(2014)08 - 0081 - 03
Effect of Degradable Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Nutrient and Cotton Yield
Liu Ping1,2, Zhong Ziwen1, Wang Lihong3, Tian Ye1, Zhou Jinglun3, Liu Tianyu4,Li Yan1,2*
(1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China;
3. Eco-Benign Plastics Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China;
4. College of Geography and Tourism,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China)
Abstract The effects of mulching with three kinds of degradable plastic films from the Eco-benign Plastics Technology Limited Company on soil nutrient and cotton yield were studied and compared with ordinary film as check. The results showed that film mulching significantly increased the content of available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, and EC value in surface soil at cotton bud stage. The EC value and soil nutrient contents of degradable plastic film treatments were higher than those of ordinary film treatment. The cotton yield of degradable film treatments and ordinary film treatment increased by 12.3%, 10.2%, 5.7% and 4.7% respectively compared with no film mulching treatment.
Key words Degradable plastic film; Cotton; Soil nutrient; Yield
隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展,越來越多的農(nóng)膜被應(yīng)用到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中[1]。在干旱半干旱地區(qū),地膜覆蓋由于可以提高地溫、改善田間墑情,因此是一種提高作物產(chǎn)量的行之有效的方法[2,3]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),僅在黃河三角洲地區(qū)每年地膜覆蓋面積約為20萬~25萬公頃,
3 討論與結(jié)論
棉田地膜覆蓋后土壤中氮、磷、鉀養(yǎng)分含量增加,與地膜的增溫保墑作用有關(guān),地溫的升高和水分條件的適宜,有利于促進(jìn)微生物和轉(zhuǎn)化酶的活性,從而提高了土壤中的養(yǎng)分含量[13]。戴敬等[9]研究表明,覆膜植棉可明顯提高土壤溫度,可降解地膜在降解前的增溫效果略優(yōu)于普通地膜。土壤電導(dǎo)率是測定土壤水溶性鹽的指標(biāo),而土壤水溶性鹽是土壤的一個(gè)重要屬性,是判定土壤中鹽類離子是否限制作物生長的因素。本研究中棉田覆膜后土壤電導(dǎo)值升高,而且“綠塑寶”3種可降解地膜處理的土壤EC值和養(yǎng)分含量均高于普通膜處理,顯示出可降解地膜覆蓋棉田后促進(jìn)土壤有效養(yǎng)分含量增加的優(yōu)越效果。……