童春義等
摘要根據豬圓環病毒(PCV2)基因組為單鏈DNA的特點,設計了兩條可與PCV2基因組序列特異性雜交的分子信標,建立了基于雙分子信標法檢測PCV2的方法。實驗結果表明,雙分子信標法比單分子信標法的靈敏度更高。在10 mmol/L MgCl2、20 mmol/L TrisHCl(pH=80)的雜交緩沖溶液,40 ℃孵育30 min的優化檢測體系下,此方法可實現對檢測樣本在2~200 nmol/L線性范圍內的檢測,檢出限可達1 nmol/L。將雙分子信標檢測體系用于18例可疑豬瘟樣品病毒檢測,其中8例呈PCV2陽性,檢測結果與PCR法一致,證明此雙分子信標法可用于實際豬感染PCV2的診斷。
關鍵詞分子信標; 豬圓環病毒Ⅱ型; 多聚酶鏈式反應; 定性檢測
1引言
分子信標(MB)是一種在目標物不存在時可以形成莖環結構的寡核苷酸探針,探針的5′端和3′端分別標記熒光基團和熒光熄滅基團,正常情況下,熒光基團與熒光熄滅基團靠近發生熒光共振能量轉移,導致探針熒光信號淬滅。當溶液中含有能與分子信標環部互補的靶序列時,環部序列與靶分子的結合導致探針結構破壞并恢復熒光\[1\],由于這種檢測法無需經過分離多余探針的步驟,且不需要經過傳統的PCR擴增過程,不僅被廣泛用于復雜均相溶液中的單鏈DNA、mRNA和microRNA分子的快速、定量檢測\[2~6\],也為檢測鏈復雜體系中的單DNA病毒提供了一種可供選擇的新工具。
豬圓環病毒Ⅱ型(Porcine circovirus 2,PCV2)是一種呈球形或六角形,無包膜,大小為18~25 nm的ssDNA病毒,被認為是引起斷奶仔豬多系統衰竭綜合癥的主要病原,該病毒感染畜禽后使畜禽的免疫組織細胞受損,導致機體免疫抑制,易并發或繼發其它病原感染,最終導致動物死亡并造成重大經濟損失\[7\]。因此,開展PCV2的快速、定量檢測對于畜禽感染診斷及治療具有重要的理論意義和實際應用價值。目前,傳統的圓環病毒檢測主要采用免疫組織化學法、核酸原位雜交檢測法\[8,9\]、血清學ELISA檢測法\[10\]、PCR檢測法、乳膠凝聚法\[11\]等,但這些方法均在一定程度上具有操作復雜、費時費力等缺陷,而且在操作過程中使用的有毒化學物質容易造成環境污染或出現假陽性檢測結果。為了在一定程度上克服這些傳統方法所具有的缺陷,本研究利用PCV2基因組單鏈DNA可直接作為分子信標檢測對象的特點,設計了兩條可單獨識別PCV2不同靶點的分子信標,在開展了PCV2 分子信標性能考察和雜交條件優化的基礎上,進一步將其用于豬瘟病毒基因組中的PCV2的檢測。3結果與討論
31雙分子信標法檢測PCV2原理
基于雙分子信標(DMB)檢測PCV2的原理如圖1所示:該檢測體系由兩條可識別PCV2基因組不同靶點的分子信標(MB1和MB2)、PCV2基因組DNA和雜交緩沖液組成。當溶液中沒有PCV2 DNA存在時,維持發夾結構的分子信標不產生熒光信號,加入PCV2 基因組DNA 后,兩種分子信標分別與PCV2特異性雜交形成雙鏈結構,破壞分子信標發夾結構的同時伴隨熒光信號升高,因此根據熒光信號變化就可以實現溶液中PCV2的快速檢測。由于與一種分子信標的結合導致靶分子原有空間結構受到破壞,轉變成為易與另一種分子信標發生雜交的結構,從而產生協同效應。如圖2所示,本實驗將一段PCV2基因組特征片段(cDNA)與分子信標單獨和同時作用后,測定熒光信號變化情況。結果表明,單信標作用熒光信號分別增加25和30倍,而雙信標作用熒光信號放大近80倍,達到/接近超猝滅分子信標的信號放大能力,說明雙信標檢測法有助于提高靶分子檢測的靈敏度。
為了進一步驗證雙分子信標法檢測結果的可靠性,采用經典的PCR技術對18例樣品中的PCV2進行檢測,從PCR擴增產物電泳結果(圖6)發現:有8例樣品出現明顯條帶,且大小與預期的PCV2產物大小相符(750 bp),說明為陽性樣品,有10例沒有特異條帶,為陰性樣品。比對PCR法和雙分子信標法檢出結果,雙分子信標法能夠檢出濃度、判斷為陽性樣品的8例均出現明顯條帶,而判斷為陰性樣品的10例樣品亦未能檢出條帶,說明雙分子信標法測定結果可靠。同時,雙分子信標法測定8例陽性樣品得出不同樣品間PCV2 DNA含量不同,最高的達到65 nmol/L,最小的為25 nmol/L,而對應PCR電泳檢測條帶亮度不同,濃度大的條帶更亮,感染病毒的程度更嚴重。
4結論
根據豬圓環病毒基因組是單鏈的特點,設計了兩條可特異性識別PCV2基因序列的分子信標,構建了雙分子信標檢測體系。結果表明,構建的雙分子信標檢測體系可在2~200 nmol/L范圍內對PCV2基因組進行線性檢測,最低檢測限可達1 nmol/L,可用于臨床復雜樣品中的PCV2準確檢測,表明這種操作簡單、快速且成本低的新方法在PCV2的體外檢測中具有一定的應用前景。
References
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5LI Jun, WANG KeMin, TAN WeiHong, LIU Bin, GUO QiuPing,TANG ZhiWen, LIU LingFeng Chem J Chinese Universities, 2004, 25(3): 421-424
李 軍, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓, 劉 斌, 郭秋平, 唐志文, 劉凌風 高等學校化學學報, 2004, 25(3): 421-424
6Yin B C, Liu Y Q, Ye B C J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134(11): 5064-5067
7LIU ZhengFei Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2002, 33(2): 14-16
劉正飛 動物醫學進展, 2002, 33(2): 14-16
8McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Moffett D, Meehan B M, Foster J C, Clarke E G, Ellis J A, Haines D M, Adair B M, Allan G M J Virol Methods, 1999, 80(2): 123-128
9Harms P A, Sorden S D, Halbur P G, Bolin S R, Lager K M, Morozov I, Paul P S Vet Pathol, 2001, 38(5): 528-539
10Brunborg I M, Fossum C, Lium B, Blomqvist G, Merlot E, Jrgensen A, EliassonSelling L, Rimstad E, Jonassen CM, Wallgren P Acta Vet Scand, 2010, 52(1): 22
11ZHANG HuiMin, YANG Li, LI GuangLiang, WANG Lin, SEHNG ZongHai, HAN HeYou Chinese J Anal Chem, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116
張慧敏, 楊 利, 李廣良, 王 琳, 盛宗海, 韓鶴友 分析化學, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116
AbstractA doublemolecular beacons (DMB) based assay was developed for porcine circovirus 2(PCV2) detection Two singlestranded DNA molecular beacons which could specifically hybridize with PCV2 genome DNA respectively in different sequence were designed according to the characteristics of the PCV2 genome sequences The fluorescence signal was amplified 80 times by DMB, which was 2-4 times higher than that of single molecular beacon Under the optimal conditions of 10 mmol/L MgCl2, 20 mmol/L TrisHCl (pH=80), 40 ℃ and 30 min incubation time of DNA with DMB, the enlargement factor was increased linearly with DNA concentration over the range from 2 nmol/L to 200 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 1 nmol/L The method was applied to detect PCV2 in genome of 18 swine fever samples and 8 PCV2 positive cases were found, which were confirmed by PCR method
KeywordsMolecular beacons; Porcine circovirus 2; Polymerase chain reaction; Qualitative detection
5LI Jun, WANG KeMin, TAN WeiHong, LIU Bin, GUO QiuPing,TANG ZhiWen, LIU LingFeng Chem J Chinese Universities, 2004, 25(3): 421-424
李 軍, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓, 劉 斌, 郭秋平, 唐志文, 劉凌風 高等學校化學學報, 2004, 25(3): 421-424
6Yin B C, Liu Y Q, Ye B C J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134(11): 5064-5067
7LIU ZhengFei Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2002, 33(2): 14-16
劉正飛 動物醫學進展, 2002, 33(2): 14-16
8McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Moffett D, Meehan B M, Foster J C, Clarke E G, Ellis J A, Haines D M, Adair B M, Allan G M J Virol Methods, 1999, 80(2): 123-128
9Harms P A, Sorden S D, Halbur P G, Bolin S R, Lager K M, Morozov I, Paul P S Vet Pathol, 2001, 38(5): 528-539
10Brunborg I M, Fossum C, Lium B, Blomqvist G, Merlot E, Jrgensen A, EliassonSelling L, Rimstad E, Jonassen CM, Wallgren P Acta Vet Scand, 2010, 52(1): 22
11ZHANG HuiMin, YANG Li, LI GuangLiang, WANG Lin, SEHNG ZongHai, HAN HeYou Chinese J Anal Chem, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116
張慧敏, 楊 利, 李廣良, 王 琳, 盛宗海, 韓鶴友 分析化學, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116
AbstractA doublemolecular beacons (DMB) based assay was developed for porcine circovirus 2(PCV2) detection Two singlestranded DNA molecular beacons which could specifically hybridize with PCV2 genome DNA respectively in different sequence were designed according to the characteristics of the PCV2 genome sequences The fluorescence signal was amplified 80 times by DMB, which was 2-4 times higher than that of single molecular beacon Under the optimal conditions of 10 mmol/L MgCl2, 20 mmol/L TrisHCl (pH=80), 40 ℃ and 30 min incubation time of DNA with DMB, the enlargement factor was increased linearly with DNA concentration over the range from 2 nmol/L to 200 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 1 nmol/L The method was applied to detect PCV2 in genome of 18 swine fever samples and 8 PCV2 positive cases were found, which were confirmed by PCR method
KeywordsMolecular beacons; Porcine circovirus 2; Polymerase chain reaction; Qualitative detection
5LI Jun, WANG KeMin, TAN WeiHong, LIU Bin, GUO QiuPing,TANG ZhiWen, LIU LingFeng Chem J Chinese Universities, 2004, 25(3): 421-424
李 軍, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓, 劉 斌, 郭秋平, 唐志文, 劉凌風 高等學校化學學報, 2004, 25(3): 421-424
6Yin B C, Liu Y Q, Ye B C J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134(11): 5064-5067
7LIU ZhengFei Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2002, 33(2): 14-16
劉正飛 動物醫學進展, 2002, 33(2): 14-16
8McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Moffett D, Meehan B M, Foster J C, Clarke E G, Ellis J A, Haines D M, Adair B M, Allan G M J Virol Methods, 1999, 80(2): 123-128
9Harms P A, Sorden S D, Halbur P G, Bolin S R, Lager K M, Morozov I, Paul P S Vet Pathol, 2001, 38(5): 528-539
10Brunborg I M, Fossum C, Lium B, Blomqvist G, Merlot E, Jrgensen A, EliassonSelling L, Rimstad E, Jonassen CM, Wallgren P Acta Vet Scand, 2010, 52(1): 22
11ZHANG HuiMin, YANG Li, LI GuangLiang, WANG Lin, SEHNG ZongHai, HAN HeYou Chinese J Anal Chem, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116
張慧敏, 楊 利, 李廣良, 王 琳, 盛宗海, 韓鶴友 分析化學, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116
AbstractA doublemolecular beacons (DMB) based assay was developed for porcine circovirus 2(PCV2) detection Two singlestranded DNA molecular beacons which could specifically hybridize with PCV2 genome DNA respectively in different sequence were designed according to the characteristics of the PCV2 genome sequences The fluorescence signal was amplified 80 times by DMB, which was 2-4 times higher than that of single molecular beacon Under the optimal conditions of 10 mmol/L MgCl2, 20 mmol/L TrisHCl (pH=80), 40 ℃ and 30 min incubation time of DNA with DMB, the enlargement factor was increased linearly with DNA concentration over the range from 2 nmol/L to 200 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 1 nmol/L The method was applied to detect PCV2 in genome of 18 swine fever samples and 8 PCV2 positive cases were found, which were confirmed by PCR method
KeywordsMolecular beacons; Porcine circovirus 2; Polymerase chain reaction; Qualitative detection