渝新歐：為新絲路建設注入“原動力”

□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

渝新歐：為新絲路建設注入“原動力”

□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

有人說新絲綢之路經濟帶“大勢未成”。主要理由是“產業不對等”：中國尤其是中國西部對于中亞國家之間的產業互補并不對等，大家難以“互動”起來。現在，隨著渝新歐和渝新俄班列的常態化運行，新絲路上的物流“血脈”流動了起來。這不僅豐富了新絲綢之路經濟帶的內涵，而且為新絲綢之路經濟帶建設注入了“原動力”。

9月2日，隨著一聲汽笛長鳴，由重慶開往俄羅斯的固定公共班列（渝新俄班列）正式開通。這是繼“渝新歐”國際鐵路聯運大通道開行以來，首次以班列的形式直達俄羅斯，開創了中國內陸以集裝箱班列模式發往俄羅斯的先例。此后，重慶到俄羅斯公共班列將每周二固定常態化開行，并隨著貨流量增加，將適時增大固定公共班列的開行頻次。

8月29日，“渝新歐”首趟原裝汽車整車進口班列順利抵達重慶鐵路口岸——沙坪壩區團結村。此次運載進口汽車的班列在沿途各個國家通關非常順利，只用了15天就從德國開到了重慶。今年7月1日，國務院批準在重慶鐵路口岸設立汽車整車進口口岸。8月14日，“渝新歐”首趟試運行整車回程班列從德國杜伊斯堡正式發出，共搭載20輛奔馳、20輛寶馬、40輛大眾，共計80輛進口汽車，貨值約合人民幣1978萬元。這是渝新歐開行三年來人們最為關注的一次行程，因為這將徹底解決其回程貨源的問題。

以往，從歐洲運往重慶的貨物基本都是通過海運或航空運輸，路途遙遠，耗時長。現在，有了渝新歐、“渝新俄”班列的開行，對內將吸引集聚西南、長三角、珠三角、香港等地區的貨物，對將重慶打造為內陸開放高地，具有積極意義；對外將更加豐富渝新歐的內涵，不斷為新絲綢之路經濟帶建設注入原動力，使中國長江中上游地區和俄羅斯伏爾加河沿岸聯邦區緊密的聯系到一起，為中俄兩河流域的攜手合作奠定了堅實基礎。

成為新絲綢之路經濟帶的重要載體

新絲綢之路經濟帶建設是中國的國家戰略。但要讓其繁榮起來，就必須加強“帶”上的經貿往來，暢通物流。渝新歐、渝新俄正是新絲路上的有力支撐。

9月1日，重慶市委書記孫政才在調研重慶鐵路口岸建設和運行情況時強調，要規劃好、建設好重慶鐵路口岸，推動重慶深度融入絲綢之路經濟帶戰略。

渝新俄（重慶至俄羅斯莫斯科）班線

當日，市長黃奇帆在歡迎歐洲品牌汽車中國總代及經銷商們時說，要充分利用“渝新歐”和整車進口口岸的平臺功能，結合重慶正在大力推進的跨境電子商務、保稅貿易商品展示交易等現代服務貿易，研究謀劃順應發展形勢的營銷戰略，將重慶打造成為歐洲進口汽車的重要集散地。

據稱，為更好地服務于新絲路經濟帶的建設，渝新歐班列將逐步縮短全程運行時間，降低費用，并實現“1+N”的運行分撥模式，更好地為經濟帶上的眾多“節點”服務。

“渝新歐全程運行時間現在實際上已由以前的16天開始進入14天狀態，三年后估計可縮短為12天。”9月1日，市長黃奇帆在重慶市與歐洲品牌汽車中國總代及經銷商座談會上說，三年來渝新歐運行十分穩定，而且運行時間和運行價格不斷降低，“渝新歐正成為絲綢之路經濟帶的重要載體”。

會上，寶馬（中國）汽車貿易有限公司、大眾汽車（中國）銷售有限公司、北京梅賽德斯-奔馳銷售服務有限公司、沃爾沃汽車銷售（上海）有限公司、中信信通物流公司、國機汽車股份公司、捷富凱國際物流（中國）公司、宜家（中國）投資公司、標致雪鐵龍集團亞洲運營部的有關負責人，圍繞如何利用“渝新歐”和整車進口口岸、加強與重慶合作提出意見和建議。他們非常關注渝新歐班列的穩定運行、運行價格以及關檢等。

對此，黃奇帆在座談會上詳細介紹了渝新歐國際鐵路的來龍去脈，介紹了渝新歐的關檢、運行費用、運行時間等。黃奇帆說，渝新歐班列雖然經過了6個國家，但沿線各國海關“關檢互認、信息共享、執法互助”，就是全程“一卡通”，只要一處關檢全程都認可，這樣非常方便。同時，全程開通了定點、定線、定車次、定時、定價的“五定”班列。過去三年全程運行時間基本都在16天,現在已開始進入到14天時間。“今后隨著蘭渝鐵路建成，哈沙克斯坦一條鐵路變直，以及鐵路提速和線路優化等,時間還將進一步縮短，估計三年后就將縮短為12天。”

同時，2011年每個集裝箱1公里的價格為1美元，2012年為0.8美元，去年是0.7美元，現在大概去程0.6美元，回程0.55美元。“今后還有降低的空間，或許能達到0.5美元。”黃奇帆說。

實現“1+N”的運行分撥模式

為加強與沿線國家鐵路及相關部門的合作，目前渝新歐已實現“1+N”的運行分撥模式——“1”即以重慶到德國杜伊斯堡為主線，“N”則可根據客戶需要選擇沿線國家作為集結點和分撥點。

“渝新歐”目前已開通的集結點和分撥點有：德國杜伊斯堡、法蘭克福、科隆，比利時安特衛普，俄羅斯莫斯科、切爾克斯克，波蘭馬拉舍維奇，白俄羅斯布列斯特，哈薩克斯坦的阿拉木圖和庫斯塔奈，以及荷蘭鹿特丹、波蘭庫特娜、俄羅斯的雅羅斯拉夫爾、捷克的帕爾杜比采等。下一步還擬開通法國的巴黎、德國的斯圖加特、慕尼黑，意大利的米蘭等作為“渝新歐”的集結點和分撥點。

根據市政府的總體部署，市政府物流辦已于今年5月23日、26日和27日，分別在德國、比利時和荷蘭成立了市政府物流辦歐洲聯絡處和辦事處，下一步將按照政府引導、市場運作的原則，充分調動和發揮國際貨代集貨作用，重點圍繞“附加值高”、“運輸時效強”兩個關鍵點，重點組織歐洲的高檔日用品、整車及零配件、高檔建材、高端裝備等貨源，為“渝新歐”回程班列的常態開行奠定基礎。

重慶迎來大開放好時機

重慶作為內陸唯一的直轄市、國家中心城市之一，近年來按照中央要求大力推進內陸開放高地建設，目前形成了具有標志性意義的”三個三合一”的開放特征，即：果園港、團結村鐵路中心站、江北國際機場三個國家級交通樞紐，同時它們也都是國家一類口岸，旁邊還配套建成了三個保稅區。受益于此，近年來重慶的開放度大幅提升，進出口貿易額5年增長10倍，今年預計接近1000億美元，利用外資連續3年保持在100億美元以上。

黃奇帆說，中國開放目前最大的瓶頸在內陸，而未來最大的潛力也在內陸。在我國擴大內陸開放的進程中，重慶作為長江經濟帶和絲綢之路經濟帶的戰略交匯點，不斷推進內陸開放高地建設，必將有力推進整個西部大開發。

今年7月，重慶成功獲批設立整車進口口岸，這是繼重慶鐵路口岸成為一類口岸后，國務院批準重慶設立的又一重大開放功能平臺，這使得團結村鐵路中心站成為功能完備的樞紐站，既是交通樞紐，又是一類口岸和汽車整車進口口岸。以團結村鐵路中心站為起點的渝新歐班列，必將更好地發揮連接中歐、輻射內陸的口岸作用。“渝新歐”作為內陸對外開放的大通道，必將產生巨大集聚輻射作用，有力推動中歐貿易、內陸開放和“兩帶一路”戰略的實施。

據稱，重慶正在結合大力推進的跨境電子商務、保稅貿易商品展示交易等現代服務貿易，將重慶打造成為歐洲進口汽車的重要集散地。

Some believed that the New Silk Road Economic Belt has not taken shape due to imbalanced industries: China (West China in particular) and Central Asian countries can hardly interact and achieve industrial complementarity. Now, as the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe and Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia trains are normalized, the blood now the New Silk Road starts circulating, which not only enriches the dimensions of the New Silk Road Economic Belt, but also injects the dynamism to its construction.

On September 2, with a long whistle, the regular public block train departed from Chongqing to Russia (Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia Trains). Since the opening of the International Joint Railway Transportation Channel of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe, the block train reaches Russia from China mainland for the first time. After that, the public block train from Chongqing to Russia will run regularly every Tuesday and perhaps more frequently in the future as the cargo volume adds up.

On August 29, the fi rst “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” original car import block train arrived at Chongqing Railway Port in Tuanjie Village, Shapingba District. This train had a very smooth journey of customs declaration in countries along the line and only took 15 days from Germany to Chongqing. On July 1, the State Council approved the establishment of car import port in Chongqing Railway Port. On August 14, the fi rst pilot “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe “car backhaul block train departed from Duisburg, Germany, carrying 20 Mercedes Benz, 20 BMW and 40 Volkswagen cars, amounting to 80 cars and RMB 19.78 million. This is the most concerned trip after three years’operation of the train, as it can thoroughly solve the problem of backhaul cargo.

In the past, cargo from Europe to Chongqing was transported mostly by ocean or air with a long distance and duration. Now, with “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” and “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia”lines, domestically, cargo from Southwest China, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong will be attracted to Chongqing and help building the city as a high land of opening-up; externally, more dimensions will be enriched to the“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train with more dynamism to the construction of New Silk Road Economic Belt, which also tightens the relationship with middle and upper regions of Yangtze River in China and the federal districts along Volga River in Russia as well as lays a solid foundation for partnerships between the two river reaches in China and Russia.

Becoming a Major Carrier of New Silk Road Economic Belt

Construction of New Silk Economic Belt is a national strategy of China. But flourished trade and logistics must be added on the “Belt” in order to bring prosperity. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”and “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia”lines are powerful bolsters on this new blueprint.

On September 1, Sun Zhengcai, secretary of Chongqing Municipal Party Committee emphasized during a survey to Chongqing’s railway port construction and operation that the railway ports must be forti fi ed to integrate the city deeper in the New Silk Road Economic Belt.

During the same day, Mayor Huang Qifan welcomed the general agents and dealers of European car brands and said that the platform functions of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” Railway and car import ports shall be fully utilized to plan marketing strategies adapting to the development trends and build Chongqing into a major distribution center for imported European cars in combination with intensified modern service trade of trans-boundary E-commerce and bonded commodity exhibition trade.

It is said that to better serve the New Silk Road Economic Belt, the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train will gradually have a shorter journey and a lower cost in a distribution fashion of “1+N”to address to multiple “nodes” on the Economic Belt.

“In fact, the whole journey of the train has been shorted from the previous 16 days to 14 days, after three years, it might be reduced to 12 days.” On September 1, Mayor Huang Qifan said during the meeting between European car brands and Chinese general agents and dealer that in three years, the train has beenrunning quite steadily, and the time and cost are constantly lowered. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train is becoming a major carrier of New Silk Road Economic Belt.

During the meeting, delegates from BMW (China) Car Trade Co., Ltd, Volkswagen (China) Sales Co., Ltd, Beijing Mercedes Benz Sales and Service Co, Ltd, Volvo Car Sales (Shanghai) Co., Ld, Citic Xintong Logistics Company, Sinomach Automobile Shareholding Company, Gefco International Logistics (China) Company, Ikea (China) Investment Company, Peugeot Citroen Group Asian Branch raised comments and suggestions on utilization of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train and car import ports as well as forti fi cation of partnership with Chongqing, showing much attention on the steady operation, the rate and customs inspection of the train.

Mayor Huang elaborated the history of the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”Railway as well as its customs inspection, operational cost and time. He said that though passing six countries, the train experiences “mutual acknowledgement of customs inspection, sharing information and mutual law enforcement” in countries along the line. Such “one card pass” only requires one clearance for the whole journey, which is extremely convenient. Meanwhile, the block train of fi xed point, fi xed route, fi xed number, fi xed time and fixed price has been put through for the whole process. In the past three years, the running time was around 16 days, and now it has been shorten to 14 days. “In the future, with the completed Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway, a straightened Kazakhstan railway and more railway speed acceleration and route optimization, the time will be further shortened. After three years, it will only take 12 days.

Meanwhile, in 2011, the price for every container travelling one kilometer was USD 1, it was USD 0.8 in 2012 and USD 0.7 last year, now it costs USD 0.6 for going to Europe and USD 0.55 for coming back. “In the future there is further space for lowering, it may reach USD 0.5,“said Huang.

The “1+N” Distribution Mode Achieved

To strengthen cooperation with railway and other departments of countries along the line, now the“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train has achieved the operation distribution mode of “1+N”. ”1” is the main line from Chongqing to Duisburg, while “N”means to choose countries along the line as marshalling and distribution points according to customer requirements.

Now the opened marshalling and distribution points are: Duisburg, Frankfurt, Cologne in Germany, Antwerp in Belgium, Moscow and Cherkessk in Russia, Malaszewicze in Poland, Brest in Belarus, Alma-Ata and Kostanay in Kazakhstan, Rotterdam in Netherlands, Kutno in Poland, Yaroslavl in Russia and Pardubitz in Czech. Next, Paris in France, Stuttgart and Munich in Germany and Milan in Italy will be entailed in this plan too.

According to overall deployment of the municipal government, the Municipal Logistics Of fi ce has set up an European Liaison Office and a branch office in Germany, Belgium and Netherland on May 23, May 26 and May 27 respectively. Next, according to government guidance and market operation principles, we will fully mobilize and play the rallying role of international freight forwarders, focus on key points of “high added-value” and“strong time ef fi cacy”, highlight the cargo sources of premium daily consumption goods, cars and parts, premium construction materials and high-end equipment in Europe and prepare for the regular running of backhaul block trains.

Chongqing Embraces a Golden Era of Great Opening-up

As the only municipality directly under Central Government in the hinterland and one of the hub cities in the country, Chongqing has followed the central requirement to build itself into a highland of opening-up and formed the landmark features of “Three 3-in-1s”, namely three national transportation hubs of Orchard Port, Tuanjie Village Railway Station and Jiangbei International Airport, which are also Class-I ports, as well as three bonded zones. As a result, Chongqing’s openness has been greatly ramped up: import and export volume increases by 10 times in five years and approximates USD 100 billion this year, and foreign capital actualization has remained over USD 10 billion for three years in a row.

Huang said that the largest bottleneck of China’s opening-up resides in the inland areas, so does the largest future potential. During the process of expanded inland opening-up, Chongqing, as the strategic juncture of Yangtze Economic Belt and New Silk Road Economic Belt, constantly pushes forward the construction of an inland highland of opening-up, which de fi nitely will boost the overall Western Development.

This July, Chongqing was approved to set up a car import port, which is another major functional platform of opening-up approved by State Council after Chongqing Railway Port became a Class-I port. The Tuanjie Village Railway Station, therefore, becomes a fully functional hub station and a Class-I port and car import port. The Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe train starting from the Tuanjie Village will better connect Central Asia and the inland areas. As a great channel of inland opening-up, the train will exert a huge radiating effect to drive China-Europe trade, inland opening-up and the strategy implementation of two Economic Belts and the New Silk Road.

It is claimed that Chongqing is combining modern service trade of transboundary E-commerce and bonded commodity exhibition and transaction to forge itself into a major distribution center of imported European cars.

Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway: Injecting Dynamism to New Silk Road Construction

□ Written by reporter Tang Gang