朱章丹
在復合句主句中名詞性成分之后與該名詞性成分并列, 補充說明該名詞性成分的有關情況的名詞性從句, 被稱為同位語從句。同位語從句的先行詞通常為answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名詞。引導同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that,whether,how, when, where, why, who等。
一、同位語從句的引導詞
1. 由that引導
(1)The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實。
(2)Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結論這樣做是不明智的。
(3)The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那筆錢不見了并不意味著是被偷了。
注意 在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, 等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如:
(1)The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規則的建議是主席提出的。
(2)They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面對廢除這個稅的要求。
2. 由whether引導
(1)The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個是對還是錯要看結果。
(2)We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調查他是否可以信任的問題
注意 whether 可引導同位語從句,但if不能引導同位語從句。
3. 由連接代詞、連接副詞引導
(1)Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時候開始嗎?
(2)I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時候回來。
(3)It is a question how he did it. 那是一個他如何做的問題。
(4)He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么離開。
(5)You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多著急!
二、關于分離同位語從句
同位語從句在句子中的位置一般緊跟在名詞之后,但也可以被主句的其他成分隔開,稱為分隔式同位語從句。
(1)The story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆
(2)The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學校。
(3)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。
(4)The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下來,所有居民都必須撤出村子。
三、同位語從句與定語從句的區別
1.意義的不同
同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內容的,它與被修飾詞語通??梢詣澋忍枺欢ㄕZ從句是形容詞性的,其功能是限制所修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,并描述先行次的性質或者特征,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區別開來:……p>