譚鳳蘭
非謂語動詞是每年高考中的必考項目。同學們要想快速準確地做好此類題目,必須要掌握好非謂語動詞的基本形式、句法功能及相應的解題技巧,在平時學習中可以利用同中求異法解析非謂語動詞試題。
一、 作狀語
第一組:
(1)Finding the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. 由于發現這個課程很難,她準備換一個低水平的課程。
(2)Founded in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. 那所學校建于20世紀早期,現在仍在激勵著孩子們對藝術的熱愛。
點撥 doing表示非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間為主動關系;done表示非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間為被動關系,且動作先于謂語動詞之前完成。
第二組:
(1)I got to the office earlier that day, having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington. 由于趕上了七點半從帕丁頓出發的火車,那天我很早就到了辦公室。
(2)Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 由于被叫去加班,我錯過了一場好電影。
點撥 having done與having been done的相同點是:非謂語動詞動作都發生在謂語動詞之前。不同點是:having done表示非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間為主動關系;having been done表示非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間為被動關系。
第三組:
(1)To stay warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. 為了能夠取暖,我會填滿柴爐,然后設定好半夜的鬧鐘,以便重新填滿柴爐。
(2)The sunlight is white and blinding, throwing hard-edged shadows on the ground. 陽光亮而刺眼,在地上投射出輪廓清晰的影子。
點撥 doing表示伴隨,作伴隨狀語;to do表示目的,作目的狀語。
第四組:
(1)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 湯姆乘出租車到達機場,結果卻發現飛機已經起飛了。
(2)He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched. 他起晚了,著急去上班,沒吃早飯。
點撥 doing與(only)to do的相同點是都可作結果狀語。不同點:doing表示自然而然的結果;(only)to do表示意料之外的結果。
二、作定語
(1)The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 剛剛被警察詢問的目擊者對斗毆給出了截然不同的描述。
(2) Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 半小時后我們要開個會,會上的決定將會影響我們公司的未來。……