楊劍
1. anyway與any way
這一對詞的意思并不一樣。anyway和anyhow同義,但前者多用于美國英語,后者多用于英國英語。anyway在句中用作副詞和連接詞,意為“無論如何;不管怎樣”,相當于in any case和at any rate。例如:
Anyway,we can try.不管怎樣,我們可以試試看。
I will not change my mind anyway.無論如何我都不愿意改變我的想法。
“I can give you a lift if you wait.”—“No,Ill walk. Thanks,anyway.”“如果你等一下,我可以開車送你去。”——“不用了,我步行好了。謝謝你(盡管我不坐你的車)!”
Any way的意思是“任何方法;任何方式”,way是名詞,any是修飾它的定語。例如:
He could not find the way to the village in any way.他怎么也找不到那條通向村莊的路。
I cannot manage it any way.我無法做到此事。
2. as well as與as well
作為習語用作介詞時,as well as的涵義是“還有;不但……而且……”。值得注意的是,在A as well as B的結構里,語意的重點在A,不在B。因此,“He can speak Spanish as well as English.”的譯文應該是:“他不但會說英語,而且會講西班牙語”,決不能譯作:“他不但會說西班牙語,而且會講英語”。如果這樣翻譯,就本末倒置了。as well as和 not only... but also...同義,但前者的語意重點和后者的語意重點恰好顛倒。
如果 as well as用作連詞引出比較從句,則意為“和……一樣好”。因此,“He speaks Spanish as well as English.”應譯作:“他說西班牙語和說英語一樣好”。語意的重點依舊在前部,不在后半部。
請注意as well as的以下用法:
She called on you as well as I.不但我來看你,她也拜訪了你。
She called on you as well as me.她不但拜訪了我,也拜訪了你。
在下列句中,as well as表示“像……一樣”:
She as well as you is an English teacher.她像你一樣也是英文教師。
這里的謂語動詞用is,不用are,因為句中的主語是she,不是she和you。
As well則是副詞短語,其義為“也”,相當于too,它一般放在句末,有時和連詞and或but搭配使用。例如:
He is a worker,and a poet as well.他是工人,也是詩人。
China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well.中國擁有大量煤炭,其他的礦藏也很豐富。
3. asleep與sleeping
這兩個詞都表示“入睡;睡著”,但用法各異,主要區別有以下幾點:
asleep是表語形容詞,在句中放在動詞之后;