飲食護理干預對糖尿病性胃輕癱患者胃排空時間的影響及療效觀察

潘梅麗　葉超英　潘勇莉等

[摘要] 目的 探討飲食護理干預對糖尿病性胃輕癱患者胃排空時間的影響及療效觀察。 方法 將80例糖尿病性胃輕癱患者隨機分為常規組和干預組。兩組均予以飲食調整、適量運動及藥物控制血糖治療。常規組和干預組分別予以常規護理和綜合性護理干預，干預時間均為8周。 結果 干預4、8周后，兩組胃固體排空時間均明顯縮短（P<0.05或P<0.01），且干預組縮短時間更明顯（P<0.05）；治療8周后，干預組臨床總有效率明顯高于常規組（χ2 =4.50，P<0.05）；隨訪半年及1年干預組患者復發率均明顯低于常規組（χ2 =4.72和4.94，P<0.05）。 結論 飲食護理干預用于糖尿病性胃輕癱患者具有較好療效，可縮短胃固體排空時間，并可降低其復發率。

[關鍵詞] 糖尿病性胃輕癱；飲食護理；胃排空時間；療效

[中圖分類號] R473.5 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701（2014）12-0099-03

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the influence and curative effect of diet nursing intervention on gastric emptying time of patients with diabetic gastroparesis（DGP）. Methods Eighty cases of DGP were divided into intervention group and routine group at random. The patients in two groups were both given routine medical treatment， like diet adjustment， proper exercise， blood sugar control by drugs and etc. The patients in routine group and intervention group were respectively given routine nursing intervention and comprehensive nursing intervention for 8 weeks. Results After 4 and 8 weeks intervention， gastric emptying time of patients in two groups were obviously shorter than before treatment（P<0.05 or P<0.01）， and the shorten time of patients in intervention group was much more obvious than that in routine group（P<0.05）. After 8 weeks treatment， the total clinical efficiency of patients in intervention group was much higher than that in routine group （χ2 =4.50，P<0.05）. The reoccurrence rate of patients in intervention group at the time of half-a-year and one year after the medical treatment was much lower than that in routine group （χ2 =4.72， 4.94， P<0.05）.Conclusion Diet nursing intervention has reliable curative effect on patients with DGP， which can obviously shorten the gastric emptying time and reduce the rate of reoccurrence.

[Key words] Diabetic gastroparesis； Diet nursing； Gastric emptying time； Curative effect

糖尿病性胃輕癱是內分泌科門診的常見病之一，發病率約占糖尿病患者的40%～60%，是糖尿病常見的并發癥[1]。以往常采用甲氧氯普胺、多潘立酮和莫沙必利等藥物治療糖尿病性胃輕癱，但療效欠理想，治療后易復發[2，3]。飲食護理干預通過科學合理的飲食護理，制定護理計劃，幫助維持或恢復患者良好的身體。近年來國內外許多研究發現飲食護理干預對提高糖尿病性胃輕癱藥物治療的效果、促進糖尿病性胃輕癱的早日康復具有積極的改善作用[4]。本研究探討了飲食護理干預對糖尿病性胃輕癱患者胃排空時間的影響，并進行療效觀察，現報道如下。

1資料與方法

1.1臨床資料

選擇2010年1月～2013年6月在我院內科門診就診的糖尿病性胃輕癱患者80例。納入標準：符合2007版糖尿病防治指南的診斷標準[5]，鋇餐造影示檢查后4 h胃內仍有50%鋇條殘存。排除標準：①經各種檢查有肝膽胰及胃腸道器質性疾病；②伴有急性糖尿病并發癥，如低血糖、嚴重電解質紊亂、高滲性昏迷或酮癥酸中毒等。……