尹繼友
wh-詞語是指what, which, who(m), whose, when, where, why, whether, how等詞語,它們不僅用作疑問詞,而且用作各種從句的引導詞。針對這些考法,現將應對方法歸納如下。
考法一 wh-詞語出現在名詞性從句中
1. she couldnt understand was , fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What;why B. That;what
C. What;because D. Why;that
2. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. he will come back surprises all of us.
A. What B. That
C. The fact D. The matter
解析 這三道題都是通過wh-詞語的比較,考查what等引導名詞性從句的用法。句1完全根據句意選擇答案,句意為:“她所不明白的是:為什么越來越少的學生對她上的課感興趣。”句2、3中的what和that都可以引導主語從句,但what有詞義,表示“……的事”“……的話”等意思。而that只是作為從句的符號,沒有任何詞義,但盡管如此,that在從句之首不能缺少或省略。
點撥 名詞性從句是高中階段的重要語法項目之一,也是歷年高考英語試題考查的重點,尤其對于連接代詞that 和what 的用法, 不少同學感到十分困惑,做題幾乎是靠“蒙”來尋求答案。雖然that和what 都可以引導名詞性從句,但他們在句子中的語法功能截然不同。
答案 1. A 2. A 3. B
考法二 wh-詞語出現在定語從句中
1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
解析 關系代詞which代替上文的先行詞an invitation引導非限制性定語從句。
答案 C。
2. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.
A. that;which B. when;which
C. which;that D. when;who
解析 關系副詞when引導時間名詞those years的定語從句,關系代詞which代替when I lived in the country with the farmers引導非限制性定語從句,when...which...實際上構成雙重定語從句。
點撥 只用which的情況有:①關系代詞作介詞賓語,即介詞+關系代詞,指物只能用which。如:Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner. ②非限制定語從句中,指物只能用which, 亦可指整個前面的句子。如:He reads English every day, which does good to his English study.
答案 B。
考法三 wh-詞語出現在狀語從句中
1. , mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
解析 這道題的正確答案在語序上符合“wh-詞語(+連帶成分)+主語+謂語……”這一語序形式。
答案 D
2. — Im going to the post office.
— you are there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
解析 此題通過as和while的比較,考查while的用法。as和while都可作為從屬連詞,表示“當……的時候”,但as著重表示“隨著(時間的過去)”,而while著重表示“在……的期間”“趁……之時機”。