楊晨++黃濤
摘要:為了探究源于玉米的抗穗發芽基因Vp-1改良小麥(Triticum aestivum L.)抗穗發芽性狀的可行性,以pmi及bar為篩選標記基因,通過基因槍介導法將Vp-1基因導入小麥栽培品種鄭麥9023 幼胚愈傷組織中,用甘露糖和雙丙氨磷(Bialaphos)2種不同的篩選劑篩選得到抗性植株并對其進行PCR鑒定。結果顯示,通過pmi/甘露糖篩選體系得到53 株抗性植株,其中5株為轉基因小麥植株,轉化率為0.29%;通過bar/Bialaphos篩選體系得到152 株抗性植株,其中11株為轉基因小麥植株,轉化率為0.78%。
關鍵詞:小麥(Triticum aestivum L.);基因槍轉化;Vp-1基因;pmi基因;bar基因
中圖分類號:S512.1;Q781 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2014)02-0265-03
Obtaining and Detecting Wheat with Transformed Vp-1 Gene via
Particle Bombardment
YANG Chena,b,HUANG Taoa,c
(a.Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops; b.College of Life Sciences and Technology; c.College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract: To assess the possibility of Vp-1 gene isolated from maize against pre-harvest sprouting of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),the target gene Vp-1 and selective marker gene pmi or bar was transferred into callus derived from immature embryos of Zhengmai 9023 via particle bombardment. The resistance was identified by mannose or bialaphos and PCR. The results showed 5 transgenic wheat plants were obtained from 53 regenerated plants by pmi/mannose selective system with the transformation efficiency of 0.29%, and 11 transgenic wheat plants were obtained from 152 regenerated plants by bar/bialaphos selective system with the transformation efficiency of 0.78%.
Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); particle bombardment; Vp-1 gene; pmi gene; bar gene
小麥(Triticum aestivum L.)穗發芽(Pre-harvest sprouting)是指小麥在收獲前遇到陰雨或在潮濕環境下的穗上發芽現象,是一種世界性的自然災害[1]。Vp-1(Viviparous-1)是玉米體內控制穗發芽的重要調節基因,該基因編碼種子特異性轉錄因子,通過影響植物脫落酸ABA信號的傳導促進與胚成熟相關基因Em的表達,抑制α-淀粉酶活性,從而對種子休眠和發芽起著重要的調控作用[2]。小麥中存在Vp-1基因的同源序列TaVp-1,但TaVp-1不能正確拼接,導致大部分成熟mRNA不能編碼全長VP-1蛋白質,從而失去調節功能[3]。將有功能的Vp-1基因導入到小麥中表達,可能會增強小麥的穗發芽抗性。
自1992年Vasil等[4]首次成功地將gus和bar基因通過基因槍法導入胚性愈傷組織,獲得第一株轉基因小麥以來,小麥的遺傳轉化已取得較大的突破[5-7]?;驑尫ㄒ蚱渚哂袩o宿主限制、靶受體類型廣泛、可控度高、操作簡便快速等優點在世界范圍內得到廣泛的應用[8-10]。
標記基因在植物的遺傳轉化過程中的作用是區分轉化細胞和非轉化細胞,是篩選和鑒定轉化細胞、組織和轉基因植株的有效方法。小麥轉化中最常使用的篩選標記是具有除草劑或抗生素抗性的基因,包括草丁膦抗性基因(bar)[11]及潮霉素磷酸轉移酶基因(nptⅡ)等。近年來,研究者傾向于使用生物安全標記基因[12],如糖類代謝酶基因(pmi)、干擾氨基酸代謝酶基因(dapA)、綠色熒光蛋白基因(gfp)等。
本研究利用pmi基因和bar基因2種不同的篩選標記基因,通過基因槍法將Vp-1基因轉入小麥幼胚愈傷中,試圖獲得含Vp-1基因的轉基因小麥,旨在探索利用Vp-1基因改良小麥抗穗發芽性狀的可行性。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
試驗所用小麥品種鄭麥9023以及質粒pXJC-VP1、pPMI、pBar均由華中農業大學麥類作物分子生物技術實驗室提供。
1.2 試驗方法
參考文獻:
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[12] GADALETA A, GIANCASPRO A, BLECHL A, et al. Phosphomannose isomerase, pmi, as a selectable marker gene for durum wheat transformation[J]. J Cereal Science,2006,43: 31-37.
[13] MURASHIGE T, SKOOG F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures[J]. Physiol Plant,1962,15:473-497.
[14] ALTPETER F, VASIL V, VASIL I K, et al. Accelerated production of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants [J]. Plant Cell Reports,1996,16:12-17.
[15] REED J, PRIVALLE L, WRIGHT M, et al. Phosphomannose isomerase: An efficient selectable marker for plant transformation[J]. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol,2001,37:127-132.
[16] LI H P, ZHANG J B, SHI R P, et al. Engineering Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat by expression of a fusion protein containing a Fusarium-specific antibody and an antifungal peptide[J]. Mol Plant Microbe Interact,2008,21:1242-1248.
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[19] HUANG T, LI H P, LIAO Y C, et al. A maize viviparous- 1 gene increases seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance transgenic wheat[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2012, 55:166-173.
[2] MCCARTY D R, CARSON C B, STINARD P S,et al. Molecular analysis of viviparous-1: An abscisic acid insensitive mutant of maize[J]. The Plant cell,1989,1(5):523-532.
[3] MCKIBBIN R S, WILKINSON M D, BAILEY P C, et al. Transcripts of Vp-1 homologues are mis-spliced in modern wheat and ancestral species[J]. PNAS,2002,99:10203-10208.
[4] VASIL V, CASTILLO A M, FROMM M E, et al. Herbicide resistant fertile transgenic wheat plants obtained by microprojectile bombardment of regenerable embryogenic callus[J]. Bio Technology,1992,10:667-674.
[5] JONES H D. Wheat transformation: Current technology and applications to grain development and composition[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2005,41(2):137-147.
[6] VASIL I K. Molecular genetic improvement of cereals: transgenic wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Plant Cell Rep,2007, 26:1133-1154.
[7] SPARKS C A,JONES H D. Biolistics transformation of wheat[J]. Methods in Molecular Biology,2009,478:71-88.
[8] SCHMIDT M A, LAFAYETTE P R, ARTELT B A. A comparison of strategies for transformation with multiple genes via microprojectile-mediated bombardment[J]. Biol Plant,2008,44:162-168.
[9] ALTPETER F, BAISAKH N, BEACHY R, et al. Particle bombardment and the genetic enhansment of crops: Myths and realities[J]. Mol Breeding,2005,15:305-327.
[10] YAO Q, CONG L, CHANG J L, et al. Low copy number gene transfer and stable expression in a commercial wheat cultivar via particle bombardment [J]. J Experimental Botany,2006,57:3737-3746.
[11] SPENCER T M,DAINES R J,LEMAUX P G,et al. Bialaphos selection of stable transformants from maize cell culture[J]. Theor Appl Genet,1990,79:625-631.
[12] GADALETA A, GIANCASPRO A, BLECHL A, et al. Phosphomannose isomerase, pmi, as a selectable marker gene for durum wheat transformation[J]. J Cereal Science,2006,43: 31-37.
[13] MURASHIGE T, SKOOG F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures[J]. Physiol Plant,1962,15:473-497.
[14] ALTPETER F, VASIL V, VASIL I K, et al. Accelerated production of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants [J]. Plant Cell Reports,1996,16:12-17.
[15] REED J, PRIVALLE L, WRIGHT M, et al. Phosphomannose isomerase: An efficient selectable marker for plant transformation[J]. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol,2001,37:127-132.
[16] LI H P, ZHANG J B, SHI R P, et al. Engineering Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat by expression of a fusion protein containing a Fusarium-specific antibody and an antifungal peptide[J]. Mol Plant Microbe Interact,2008,21:1242-1248.
[17] DELLAPORTA S L, WOOD J, HICKS J B. A plant DNA minipreparation: Version II[J]. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,1983,1:19-21.
[18] STOYKOVA P, STOEVA P P. PMI(manA) as a nonantibiotic selectable marker gene in plant biotechnology[J]. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,2011,105:141-148.
[19] HUANG T, LI H P, LIAO Y C, et al. A maize viviparous- 1 gene increases seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance transgenic wheat[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2012, 55:166-173.
[2] MCCARTY D R, CARSON C B, STINARD P S,et al. Molecular analysis of viviparous-1: An abscisic acid insensitive mutant of maize[J]. The Plant cell,1989,1(5):523-532.
[3] MCKIBBIN R S, WILKINSON M D, BAILEY P C, et al. Transcripts of Vp-1 homologues are mis-spliced in modern wheat and ancestral species[J]. PNAS,2002,99:10203-10208.
[4] VASIL V, CASTILLO A M, FROMM M E, et al. Herbicide resistant fertile transgenic wheat plants obtained by microprojectile bombardment of regenerable embryogenic callus[J]. Bio Technology,1992,10:667-674.
[5] JONES H D. Wheat transformation: Current technology and applications to grain development and composition[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2005,41(2):137-147.
[6] VASIL I K. Molecular genetic improvement of cereals: transgenic wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Plant Cell Rep,2007, 26:1133-1154.
[7] SPARKS C A,JONES H D. Biolistics transformation of wheat[J]. Methods in Molecular Biology,2009,478:71-88.
[8] SCHMIDT M A, LAFAYETTE P R, ARTELT B A. A comparison of strategies for transformation with multiple genes via microprojectile-mediated bombardment[J]. Biol Plant,2008,44:162-168.
[9] ALTPETER F, BAISAKH N, BEACHY R, et al. Particle bombardment and the genetic enhansment of crops: Myths and realities[J]. Mol Breeding,2005,15:305-327.
[10] YAO Q, CONG L, CHANG J L, et al. Low copy number gene transfer and stable expression in a commercial wheat cultivar via particle bombardment [J]. J Experimental Botany,2006,57:3737-3746.
[11] SPENCER T M,DAINES R J,LEMAUX P G,et al. Bialaphos selection of stable transformants from maize cell culture[J]. Theor Appl Genet,1990,79:625-631.
[12] GADALETA A, GIANCASPRO A, BLECHL A, et al. Phosphomannose isomerase, pmi, as a selectable marker gene for durum wheat transformation[J]. J Cereal Science,2006,43: 31-37.
[13] MURASHIGE T, SKOOG F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures[J]. Physiol Plant,1962,15:473-497.
[14] ALTPETER F, VASIL V, VASIL I K, et al. Accelerated production of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants [J]. Plant Cell Reports,1996,16:12-17.
[15] REED J, PRIVALLE L, WRIGHT M, et al. Phosphomannose isomerase: An efficient selectable marker for plant transformation[J]. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol,2001,37:127-132.
[16] LI H P, ZHANG J B, SHI R P, et al. Engineering Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat by expression of a fusion protein containing a Fusarium-specific antibody and an antifungal peptide[J]. Mol Plant Microbe Interact,2008,21:1242-1248.
[17] DELLAPORTA S L, WOOD J, HICKS J B. A plant DNA minipreparation: Version II[J]. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,1983,1:19-21.
[18] STOYKOVA P, STOEVA P P. PMI(manA) as a nonantibiotic selectable marker gene in plant biotechnology[J]. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,2011,105:141-148.
[19] HUANG T, LI H P, LIAO Y C, et al. A maize viviparous- 1 gene increases seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance transgenic wheat[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2012, 55:166-173.