好萊塢“艷照門”：不作不死抑或偷窺有罪？

Have you looked at the leaked internet images of Jennifer Lawrence？ She is， as you know， one of a hundred or so famous women whose private online accounts were hacked， and whose private images — that is， nude photos —were illegally uploaded without their knowledge or consent. The other women include actors like Kirsten Dunst and Kate Upton. So have you had a peek？

If you have， is this 1）perpetrating sexual abuse？ Helen Lewis， writing in The New Statesman， calls it “terrorism against women.”She writes， “It is a function of successful terrorism that the media becomes unavoidably complicit in spreading the terror. There is no way to report the story without increasing its potency. We cannot stop looking.”

In this context， the stealing and non-consensual sharing of private sexual imagery is absolutely terrorism against women； whether it’s the assumption that the private lives of women in the public eye are actually 2）fair game for everyone who fancies a look， or whether it’s an ex-partner uploading private photos in an act of revenge porn， it makes women at best uncomfortable， at worst， frightened and humiliated.

Since this latest rash of photos were made public— Lawrence’s got the most attention， as she is currently the most famous — there has been all kinds of nonsense commentary around safer passwords， securer systems， and the wisdom of nude images in the first place.

3）FFS. We live in a digital age. We do everything online. Suggesting to women that they refrain from taking private nude photos is the digital equivalent of telling women not to go out in a mini skirt if they wish to avoid sexual assault. Private consensual exchange of private erotic material that does not remain private is hardly the fault of the woman in the picture.

It is the fault of the individual hacker— a word which sounds almost glamorous， like “pirate” or “storm trooper” — but in reality means a grubby little 4）misogynist working alone； these individual misogynists are the drones of a larger rape culture， where mainstream gossip sites like Perez Hilton published the photos， saying they were “too big to ignore，” “no big deal” and “HOT.”

The media blog Gawker reported that the photos had been stolen 5）incrementally by various hackers — the supposition is that they are exclusively male — who then privately share the stolen images with each other.

It’s not like you can’t find naked ladies on the Internet. If your thing is famous naked ladies， there are plenty of those too. The“prize”， therefore， is famous non-consensual naked ladies， which this group of hackers share the way serial killers share victim trophies. And all it takes is for one hacker to become a leaker， and the images go global.

If the woman you hacked is famous， you may， however， get in trouble. In 2011 a Florida man was charged with hacking the computers of 50 celebrities， including that of Scarlet Johansson， and posting private nude images online. Convicted of identity theft， wire tapping and unauthorised access to a protected computer， he got ten years.

For the more 6）risk averse and less digitally-skilled， but just as misogynistic， there is 7）common or garden revenge porn. This is where an ex-partner — male， obviously — posts a private nude image of his ex online. This can be accompanied by the woman’s contact details， so that the first she knows of her ex’s actions is unwanted sexual 8）solicitation from strangers. In some cases in the U.S.， no legal action has been taken because police have said that as the image was once consensual and shared， no theft took place. No theft — just degrading， dangerous and abusive behaviour against a woman.

In McAfee’s 2013 survey Love， Relationships Technology， one in ten expartners threatened to upload nude images of their ex online， with 60% carrying out this threat. The overwhelming majority of perpetrators were male， with a view to shame and humiliate their ex.

And then there are creepshots， which are perhaps the rapiest of them all. These are sexualised photos of women taken without their consent； the perpetrator follows the woman （often young or underage） in public and takes photos of their bodies without knowledge or consent， for later uploading and online 9）leering with fellow creeps.

American actor Mary Elizabeth Winstead was one of the women hacked along with Jennifer Lawrence. She tweeted，“Knowing those photos were deleted long ago， I can only imagine the creepy effort that went into this. To those of you looking at photos I took with my husband years ago in the privacy of our home， hope you feel great about yourselves.”

你看過詹妮弗·勞倫斯在網上的外泄照片了嗎？正如你所知，她是一百多位網上私人賬號被竊取的知名女性之一，而那些私人照片——也就是裸照——在當事人未獲知或是未同意的情況下就被非法上傳到網上。其他遭泄密的女性還包括了諸如克里斯汀·鄧斯特和凱特·阿普頓這樣的女演員。那么，你偷瞄過了嗎？

如果你看過了，這構成性侵犯了嗎？海倫·劉易斯在《新政治家》雜志上發表文章，稱此次泄密事件是“針對女性的恐怖主義”。她寫道，“這場照片泄露事件就如同一場成功的恐怖襲擊，而媒體無可避免地成為幫兇，協助擴散。報道此事難免愈加助長這場恐怖襲擊的威勢，我們停止不了窺探。”

在這事件當中，竊取以及未經允許就擴散私密的性感照片絕對是針對女性的恐怖襲擊。無論這是否是一種假想，公眾認為每個對知名女性的私人生活有著八卦之心的人都有權對此一窺究竟，又或者，無論這是否某位女星的前男友為了報復而把私人照片公諸于眾，這一事件，對于女性來說，輕則看著覺得不舒服，重則引發恐懼和羞辱感。

自從最近大量的照片公諸于眾——勞倫斯最受關注，因為她在這撥名人中名氣最高——起初各種圍繞密碼安全、安全系統以及裸照智慧這樣的廢話評論四起。

這該死的。我們生活在數字時代，所有事情都離不開網絡。建議女性不要拍私密裸照，無異于跟她們說如果想避免性騷擾，就不要穿迷你裙外出。用于私人雙方交流的私人性感照片被公開，這不能把過錯算到拍照女性的頭上。……