荼毒變性人的偏見(jiàn)

Between the 1st of January 2008 and the 31st of October 2013， 1 374 killings of Trans people were reported in 60 countries. This shows a significant sustained level of violence against Trans people. A new report by the UN Development Program （UNDP） investigates and discusses the situation of Trans people all over the world.

Over 78% of the documented murders were executed in Central and South America. Many of the victims were also brutally raped and tortured， their bodies mutilated and discarded. The majority of those murdered， whose occupations were reported， were sex workers.

Although the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights （OHCHR） continues to emphasize that states have an obligation to protect all people from discrimination or violence on the ground of gender identity， there is an increase in documentation of how states continue to violate Trans people’s human rights. There is also a growing number of reports suggesting that states fail to protect Trans people against abuses by third parties and refrain from ensuring Trans people’s enjoyment of basic human rights.

從2008年1月1日到2013年10月31日期間，在60個(gè)國(guó)家范圍內(nèi)，共有1，374起殺害變性人的事件被上報(bào)。這顯示了針對(duì)變性人群體非常高程度的暴力。聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署的一項(xiàng)新報(bào)告研究分析了全球變性人的處境。

超過(guò)78%記錄在案的謀殺發(fā)生在美國(guó)的中部和南部。其中許多受害者經(jīng)歷了殘忍的強(qiáng)奸和折磨，他們的尸體也被切割和分解。據(jù)報(bào)告稱，絕大多數(shù)的受害者為性工作者。

盡管聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)事務(wù)高級(jí)專員辦事處繼續(xù)強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)家有義務(wù)在對(duì)所有性別一視同仁的基礎(chǔ)上保護(hù)所有人不受歧視和暴力的侵害，有關(guān)國(guó)家侵犯變性人人權(quán)的文件數(shù)量仍在增加。同樣，也有越來(lái)越多的報(bào)告表明國(guó)家未能保護(hù)變性人免受第三方的虐待，也未能保證變性人享受基本的人權(quán)。

There are no definitive statistics or numbers of Trans people around the world. International literature suggests that as prejudice towards Trans people decrease， their visibility increases.

The challenges facing Trans people are numerous. They are， for example， in just as much need of health services as any other human being， but the capacity to identify health risks， protective factors or health outcomes for trans people is severely limited. This is in large due to a very small number of surveys that collect data about gender identity.

For the vast majority of Trans people， a physical examination will also disclose their gender identity， and health records routinely disclose this information. This makes Trans people highly vulnerable to ignorance and prejudice， including fear of violent reprisals if health professionals breach confidentiality.

全世界的變性人數(shù)量并沒(méi)有確切的統(tǒng)計(jì)或數(shù)字記錄。國(guó)際性文獻(xiàn)顯示，隨著針對(duì)變性人的歧視減少，其可見(jiàn)性將會(huì)增加。

變性人所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)有很多。例如，他們與其他人一樣需要健康服務(wù)，但是識(shí)別健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、保護(hù)性因素和健康成功的能力對(duì)變性人來(lái)說(shuō)非常有限。這很大程度上是由于很少有調(diào)查是基于這種性別身份收集數(shù)據(jù)。

對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)變性人來(lái)說(shuō)，體檢也會(huì)暴露他們的性別身份，而且健康記錄往往也會(huì)暴露這一信息。這使得變性人非常容易受到忽視和歧視的傷害，包括他們對(duì)由專業(yè)人員泄密而引發(fā)的暴力性報(bào)復(fù)的擔(dān)憂。

UNDP works with many issues linked to Trans people’s day-to-day lives， though the major focus of UNDP has been through the lens of HIV and human rights.

The fact that someone is Trans does not limit that person’s entitlement to enjoy the full range of human rights， and the legal， economic and social marginalization of Trans people affects every aspects of their lives. Current HIV monitoring and prevention interventions for Trans people is inadequate.

聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署著力于很多與變性人日常生活有關(guān)的工作，盡管其工作重點(diǎn)還在于艾滋病病毒和人權(quán)。

某人是變性人的事實(shí)不應(yīng)限制其充分享受人權(quán)的權(quán)利。變性人在法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)層面的邊緣化影響著他們生活的各個(gè)方面。目前針對(duì)變性人的艾滋病病毒監(jiān)控和預(yù)防干預(yù)也并不完善。