As a member of the stationary of Chinese study, the ink slab is used to grind the ink and straighten out the brush. Although it has not the great reputation in the stationary family, its refined materials, excellent design and mature techniques are well integrated with humanistic spirits in order to satisfy scholars’ tastes. The delicacy, nature, funny and lingering charm of these stationary are always enjoyed by scholars, which is also the profound essence and quintessence of it.

中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì),書案上清雅的實(shí)用陳設(shè)品被稱為文房清供,除眾所周知的“文房四寶”(筆、墨、紙、硯),在書桌上出現(xiàn)的各種文房小具也算在其中:筆筒、筆插、筆匣、筆掭、筆洗;墨盒、墨床、水注、水丞;鎮(zhèn)紙、臂擱、裁刀;硯滴、硯屏、印章、印盒、帖架、文具箱等。
文房清供:“供”即供奉,圣潔高貴之物;“清”,清雅不俗、清逸不濁、清心寡欲。在長(zhǎng)達(dá)千年的歷史中,文房清供不僅是筆耕丹青的必備用具,亦是文人雅客品味把玩之物。作為書桌案幾之玩用,文玩一般大不盈尺,小不足寸,可供設(shè)于案上,可把玩于掌中,可遠(yuǎn)觀,可近取;不僅具有實(shí)用價(jià)值,更重要的是融合了繪畫、書法、雕刻、裝飾等各種藝術(shù)特色于一體,體現(xiàn)出華夏文化獨(dú)特的韻味。
作為文房用具之一的筆掭,亦作筆添、筆舔、筆硯,以作驗(yàn)?zāi)珴獾蚶眄樄P毫之用。比如國(guó)畫以墨色的濃淡干濕來體現(xiàn)物象的遠(yuǎn)近層次,故有“墨分五色”之說,用筆掭來查驗(yàn)?zāi)臐獾欠窈弦司秃芊奖恪?/p>
制作筆掭多采用玉、瓷、水晶、象牙等自然色彩單純而色淺的材料,以便于辨認(rèn)墨色的濃淡深淺是否合度。質(zhì)地要細(xì)密又不吸水色,不吸附墨汁,使用過后易清洗,不會(huì)留下墨痕,有一種不染污濁的清蓮之美。其中僅瓷質(zhì)筆掭就包括青花、茶葉末釉、粉彩、仿官窯、仿哥窯、德化白瓷、龍泉窯、松石釉、虎皮釉、綠釉等各個(gè)釉色及窯口。另外還有銀、銅、白玉、碧玉、紫砂、壽山石、雞血石、青金石、孔雀石、茶晶、水晶、沉香木、象牙、鹿角、貼黃、紅木、紫檀、漆器、瑪瑙、翡翠、景泰藍(lán)等,材質(zhì)之多僅次于鼻煙壺。……
世界知識(shí)畫報(bào)·藝術(shù)視界
2013年11期