中學英語中的主動形式表達被動意義小結

【摘 要】英語教學及考試中，用動詞的主動形式來表達被動意思的情況屢見不鮮，頻頻出現，這種語言現象和漢語的運用完全不同，學生遇到這些考題時感到十分茫然，往往出錯，這恰好也是高考命題者青睞的考點，為幫助同學們掌握好這一重要語言現象，本文對中學階段出現的主動表被動意思進行了歸納，希望對同學們有所啟發。

【關鍵詞】主動形式 被動意義 中學英語

中圖分類號：G4 文獻標識碼：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-0407.2013.12.034

一、英語中的感官動詞用作系動詞時，后邊跟形容詞或名詞作表語，要用主動形式表達被動意義

常見的感官動詞有：feel sound smell look taste prove appear seem turn remain等等。

She proved （to be）honest（=to be an honest woman）.

He looks familiar to me，but I don’t remember his name.

Tasting so delicious，the food in this market was sold out soon.

二、英語中有部分動詞用物作主語，用以說明事物的性質、特點、功能特征，并用副詞（well，eaily，comfortably，smoothly etc）進行修飾這些特征，要用主動形式表達被動意義

常見的類似動詞有：read、write、sell、wash、iron、dry、drink、cook、pick、open、photograph、act、write、clean、wear、lock、shut等等。

His latest novel reads well.

The pen writes smoothly.

This kind of cloth wears well.

Ripe apples pick easily.

The cloth washes well.

三、在形容詞如easy difficult hard light heavy expensive cheap pleasant interesting comfortable dangerous fit等后邊的動詞不定式，要用主動形式表達被動意義

In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal with.

The river is dangerous to swim in.

The problem is difficult to solve.

This kind of water is fit to drink.

四、動詞不定式做名詞的定語，與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系，又與其邏輯主語有主謂關系，要用主動形式表達被動意義

With a lot of difficult problems to solve， the new manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.

I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.（山東2010 ）

I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.

五、用物作主語，動詞為want need require deserve等表需求、要求、值得時，要用主動形式表達被動意義

Most house plants want/need/require watering/to be watered regularly.

Your composition needs correcting/to be corrected.

六、在be worth doing結構中，要用主動形式表達被動意義

The place is well worth visiting.

I think the English song is well worth listening to again.

These books recommended by my teacher is really worth reading.

七、在be to seek be to blame be to let結構在要用主動形式表達被動意義

Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy， saying that he was not the one to blame.

None of us was to blame for the accident.

八、在there be結構中，當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某事時，不定式要用主動形式；若說話人強調的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動形式

There is a lot of work to be done.（The work has to be done.）

There is a lot of work to do.（someone has to do the work.）

九、在不定式作定語結構中，句子中出現的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的執行者時，要用主動形式

I have much work to do this afternoon.

The teacher gave Tom a book to read.

十、少數動詞的進行時態，用主動形式表達被動意義

如print build cook fry hang等等。

The books are printing.

The meat is cooking.

十一、在too—to結構中，不定式前可加邏輯主語，應用主動形式表達被動意義

This problem is too difficult（for me） to solve.

He is too young to join the army.

十二、用in/on/under+noun 結構形式表達被動意義

如：Under control under repair under discussion under treatment under construction Beyond belief beyond compare beyond recognition beyond one’s reach

In print on sale on show

The teaching building is under construction.

These goods are on sale.

十三、在too—to 結構中，不定式前可加邏輯主語，應用主動形式表達被動意義

This problem is too difficult（for me） to solve.

He is too young to join the army.

典型考題訓練：

1）I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good____

A to be breathed B to breathe C breathing D being breathed

2）Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one_____

A blamed B blaming C to blame D to be blamed

3）If there is a lot of work ____，I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.

A to do B to be doing C done D doing

4）The professor spoke slowly enough to make his speech easy______.

A follow B to follow C followed D following

5）We still have many difficulties_______in our socialist construction.

A to overcome B to be overcome C overcome D to have overcome

6）She had no money______a birthday present for her parents.

A to buy with B buying C bought D with which to buy