噻蟲嗪在茶葉和土壤中的消解規律研究

摘要：采用高效液相色譜法及田間試驗法研究了噻蟲嗪在茶葉和土壤中的消解規律。結果表明，噻蟲嗪在茶葉上施用后消解較快，在土壤中消解較慢，均符合一級動力學特征，在茶葉和土壤中的半衰期分別為3.1和5.5 d。噻蟲嗪在茶葉和土壤中的殘留量與施藥量、施藥次數相關。施藥量對噻蟲嗪殘留量的影響較大，其在茶葉和土壤中的殘留量均隨施藥量增加而增高。在相同劑量條件下，經不同施藥次數處理茶葉后噻蟲嗪殘留量無顯著差異；而隨著施藥次數的增加，噻蟲嗪在土壤中的殘留量逐漸降低，第3次與第1、2次施藥處理土壤后殘留量均存在顯著差異。

關鍵詞：噻蟲嗪；茶葉；土壤；殘留；消解

中圖分類號：S481.8+ 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：0439-8114（2013）17-4214-04

Study on Dissipation Dynamics of Thiamethoxam in Tea and Soil

WU Xiao-mao，YU Yuan，WANG Fang，LI Rong-yu，LONG You-hua

（Department of Plant Protection， College of Agriculture， Guizhou University， Guiyang 550025， China）

Abstract： The residual dissipation dynamics of thiamethoxam in tea and soil were investigated by the methods of high performance liquid chromatography and field trial method. The results showed that dissipation of thiamethoxam in tea was faster， but slower in soil. Dissipation of thiamethoxam in both tea and soil was fitted to the first-order kinetics. The half-life of thiamethoxam in tea and soil was 3.1 and 5.5 d respectively. Residues of thiamethoxam in tea and soil were dependent on application doses and spraying times. Application doses had the greater effect on residues of thiamethoxam in tea and soil. Residues of thiamethoxam in tea and soil appeared to increase with increasing application doses. Under the conditions of the same application doses， there were no significant differences between residues of thiamethoxam in tea of different spraying times. However， the residues of thiamethoxam in soil decreased gradually with the increase of spraying time. The significant differences were observed between residues of thiamethoxam in soil sprayed 1， 2 and 3 times.

Key words： thiamethoxam； tea； soil； residue； dissipation

收稿日期：2012-11-09

基金項目：貴州省科學技術基金項目[黔科合J字（2010）2074]；貴州省科技廳農業攻關項目[黔科合NY字（2012）3010]；貴州大學博士基金

項目[貴大人基合字（2011）06]；貴州大學大學生創新性實驗計劃項目[貴大創字（2011）042]

作者簡介：吳小毛（1978-），男，貴州正安人，副教授，博士，從事農藥殘留與環境毒理、農藥應用技術及農產品安全評價研究，（電話）

13765136337（電子信箱）wuxm827@126.com。

中國是茶的故鄉，茶樹適宜生長于溫暖多濕的自然氣候條件，但這樣的氣候條件也適合于病、蟲、草害的滋生繁衍。由于農藥的不合理使用，茶葉中的農藥殘留問題一度成為人們關注的焦點[1]。近年來，由于人們對環境和生態平衡的日益重視，相繼提出了“軟農藥”和“抑菌劑”等概念，生物農藥也引起了人們的廣泛興趣，但就目前的科技水平來看，化學農藥在很長的一段時間內還是不可替代的[2]，因此農藥殘留成為當前茶葉貿易中遇到的最為敏感的、最大的衛生質量問題[3]。……