(一) 知識概要
連詞是一種在句子與句子之間,短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞,它不能單獨作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞連接的雙方是對等的。
常有的并列連詞有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致,意義有轉折的并列連詞有:but, however, while (而),only (只不過)。還有表示選擇關系的并列連詞,如:or, or else, otherwise… 再有的是連接雙方,互為因果,或表示前因后果的連詞有:for, so, therefore (因此),then等。
從屬連詞在初中范圍內常常用來連接名詞性從句,如:that, if, whether, 其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句,常用的連接詞有:when, while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語的連詞有:if, unless, as long as 等,而原因狀語的連接詞有because, since, as, now that (既然)。
目的、結果、方式、比較、地點等狀語從句的連接詞有:so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where… 它們在句子與文章中幾乎無處不見。
(二)正誤辨析
[誤] Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.
[正] Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.
[析] 在英語中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意義也不同于漢語,如:Both of us are not right. 在英語中應被理解為“我們倆不都對。”而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解為“我們倆無一正確”。
[誤] He or his parents has some tickets for the film.
[正] He or his parents have some tickets for the film.
[析] 由or 連接兩主語時,謂語動詞應與相臨近的那一個主語保持一致。
[誤] You should study hard, and you won’t pass the exam.
[正] You should study hard, or you won’t pass the exam.
[析] or作為連詞,這里的意思為“否則”。又如:Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.
[誤] Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others.
[正] Though he is poor, he is ready to help others.
[正] He is poor, but he is ready to help others.
[析] “雖然……但是”是中文中的常用結構,但在英文中用了“雖然”則不要用“但是”,用了“但是”則不能再用“雖然”,二者只可用其一。
[誤] Either you or I are on duty.
[正] Either you or I am on duty.
[析] either…or 連接兩個主語時,其謂語動詞與相臨近的一個主語相呼應,這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or, neither… nor, not only…but also等。
[誤] Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.
[正] Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.
[析] 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重復,但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。