兩岸共揚(yáng)濟(jì)公文化

陳敢

天臺(tái)縣作為濟(jì)公的祖庭圣地，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)致力于保護(hù)和弘揚(yáng)濟(jì)公文化。今年6月，海峽兩岸濟(jì)公文化研究專家、學(xué)者和國(guó)際友人等2000余人，齊聚天臺(tái)赤城山濟(jì)公文化廣場(chǎng)，首次舉行“濟(jì)公成道，祖庭祈福”大典，成為一件盛事。

濟(jì)公文化是中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。在中國(guó)港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)、在東南亞各國(guó)和西方部分國(guó)家，濟(jì)公信徒非常廣泛。濟(jì)公文化已經(jīng)成為連接海內(nèi)外華人的金色紐帶，更成為推動(dòng)海峽兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化交流的重要橋梁。

兩岸濟(jì)公 同根同源

“兩岸濟(jì)公共一人，同根同源血肉親。”6月21日，大典由宣讀申報(bào)中華濟(jì)公文化交流協(xié)會(huì)的決定開(kāi)始。擊鼓冬冬，一條金龍?jiān)诒硌輩^(qū)飛舞，象征著濟(jì)公精神萬(wàn)世傳揚(yáng)。活動(dòng)中還進(jìn)行了恭讀祭文等儀式。

據(jù)天臺(tái)濟(jì)公文化交流協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)余云安說(shuō)：“民間傳說(shuō)中的濟(jì)公生于南宋時(shí)期的天臺(tái)石墻頭，一生充滿傳奇色彩，神通廣大、扶危濟(jì)困、彰善罰惡，被民間奉為‘活佛，深受群眾愛(ài)戴。”

余云安表示，濟(jì)公傳說(shuō)膾炙人口，家喻戶曉，至今有800多年歷史，2006年被列入第一批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。濟(jì)公文化是天臺(tái)山得天獨(dú)厚的文化資源，享有“地域原生態(tài)文化”的唯一性。濟(jì)公文化在傳承過(guò)程中，保持了其本質(zhì)的文化內(nèi)涵，表現(xiàn)出中華文化的根源性、民族性和民間性特征。然而，就是這樣一個(gè)在海內(nèi)外擁有眾多信徒的文化主體，目前卻還沒(méi)有一個(gè)全國(guó)性濟(jì)公文化交流研究團(tuán)體。

現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多來(lái)自海內(nèi)外特別是臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的濟(jì)公文化愛(ài)好者和專家來(lái)到天臺(tái)，尋找濟(jì)公文化之根。余云安介紹說(shuō)，天臺(tái)縣還具有區(qū)位條件優(yōu)越、交流活動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、兩岸民眾參與度高等眾多優(yōu)勢(shì)，在前幾年舉辦的兩岸濟(jì)公文化交流活動(dòng)中，兩岸專家、學(xué)者曾多次建議參照中華媽祖文化交流協(xié)會(huì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，整合濟(jì)公文化研究與交流的有關(guān)資源，組建全國(guó)性的濟(jì)公文化交流研究團(tuán)體。

天臺(tái)作為濟(jì)公祖庭，著眼于推動(dòng)海內(nèi)外濟(jì)公文化交流，將濟(jì)公文化納入了全縣文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃，陸續(xù)推出濟(jì)公祖廟、濟(jì)公文化園等相關(guān)文化項(xiàng)目。在協(xié)會(huì)籌建會(huì)上，天臺(tái)縣委書記李志堅(jiān)表示，面對(duì)新機(jī)遇新挑戰(zhàn)，我們需要有更大的平臺(tái)、更好的機(jī)制、更強(qiáng)的組織來(lái)推動(dòng)濟(jì)公文化交流向高層次、多領(lǐng)域、全方位發(fā)展。

濟(jì)公文化 致力弘揚(yáng)

近年來(lái)，天臺(tái)縣先后舉辦了一系列有影響的濟(jì)公活動(dòng)，掀起了海內(nèi)外濟(jì)公信眾來(lái)天臺(tái)朝覲、旅游、觀光的熱潮，天臺(tái)山已成為全球濟(jì)公圣山。

天臺(tái)縣北古永寧村是活佛濟(jì)公的故鄉(xiāng)，也是濟(jì)公青少年時(shí)期生活成長(zhǎng)的地方，濟(jì)公的精神影響至今長(zhǎng)存。

在天臺(tái)一帶流傳的多是濟(jì)公的出世、童年生活、懲惡、扶困濟(jì)貧的故事，如“濟(jì)公出世”“棒打壽聯(lián)”“修元出家”等。而在杭嘉湖一帶流傳的故事內(nèi)容更為廣泛，這是因?yàn)槟抢锸菨?jì)公出家后的主要生活和活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所。

濟(jì)公的一生富有傳奇色彩，他既“癲”且“濟(jì)”，他的扶危濟(jì)困、除暴安良、彰善罰惡等種種美德，在人們的心目中留下了獨(dú)特而美好的印象，大家懷念他、神化他，反映出濟(jì)公形象的親和力和那種正義的化身！

1993年，天臺(tái)縣成立了國(guó)內(nèi)第一家研究濟(jì)公及其文化現(xiàn)象的群眾性學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體—天臺(tái)山濟(jì)公研究會(huì)。在此后的十年里，天臺(tái)先后舉辦了濟(jì)公故居重光大典、2007海峽兩岸濟(jì)公文化交流活動(dòng)、天臺(tái)國(guó)際濟(jì)公文化旅游節(jié)等一系列活動(dòng)，掀起了海內(nèi)外濟(jì)公信眾來(lái)天臺(tái)朝覲、觀光的熱潮。

余云安說(shuō)，在兩岸民間交流中，同根共源的濟(jì)公文化拉近了兩岸的距離，濟(jì)公文化以其民間信仰的強(qiáng)大凝聚力，對(duì)進(jìn)一步密切海峽兩岸的文化、經(jīng)貿(mào)交流和旅游合作的推動(dòng)作用極為明顯。

濟(jì)公精神體現(xiàn)的是中華傳統(tǒng)文化，中國(guó)港澳臺(tái)、東南亞及世界各地的濟(jì)公信眾，通過(guò)在當(dāng)?shù)鼗蚋疤炫_(tái)參與拜謁、慈善、研究等活動(dòng)，加深了對(duì)“眾生平等、急公救難、除惡揚(yáng)善、扶貧濟(jì)困”的濟(jì)公精神的了解。

近年來(lái)，天臺(tái)連續(xù)舉辦兩岸濟(jì)公文化交流活動(dòng)，在促進(jìn)兩岸民間了解、增進(jìn)感情、加深交往中，起到了積極作用。同時(shí)，這也推動(dòng)了海外各地的濟(jì)公文化交流，對(duì)于傳播中華傳統(tǒng)文化有著重要意義。

在當(dāng)天的交流會(huì)上，各方凝聚了三點(diǎn)共識(shí)，就是建立全國(guó)性民間交流機(jī)構(gòu)—中華濟(jì)公文化交流協(xié)會(huì)，把濟(jì)公文化上升到全國(guó)性民間對(duì)外交流的重要載體；把濟(jì)公祖庭—浙江省天臺(tái)山設(shè)為海峽兩岸交流基地，進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮濟(jì)公文化在推動(dòng)兩岸民間友好交流中的橋梁作用，深化兩岸交流合作，促進(jìn)兩岸和平發(fā)展；依托浙江和天臺(tái)濟(jì)公祖庭，大力推動(dòng)海內(nèi)外濟(jì)公文化友好交流，每年舉辦一次國(guó)際性濟(jì)公文化活動(dòng)。

（除署名外，本文照片由蕭樅提供）

Share the Legacy of the Mad Monk

By Chen Gan

The protection and promotion of the ‘Ji Gong Culture has long been a top cultural priority in Tiantai， a county recognized as the shrine of the legacy of the mad monk. More than 2，000 Ji Gong experts， scholars and followers at home and abroad gathered at the Chichengshan Ji Gong Square in Tiantai in June 2013 to celebrate the long-standing Ji Gong culture of Tiantai， regarded as a significant part of traditional Chinese culture and a cultural bridge that effectively boosts cross-strait communication.

Ji Gong is a famous Zen Buddhist monk in the Chinese culture. According to local legend， he was a village boy in Tiantai in the Southern Song Dynasty （1127-1279）. Born in 1130 with a secular name Li Xiuyuan， he grew up to be a Buddhist monk. He was famous for his wild and eccentric behavior while openly breaking monastic codes （such as openly drinking wine and consuming meat）， but was still compassionate by nature and possessed supernatural powers. By the time of his death in 1207， Ji Gong became a folk hero in China and was invoked as a folk religious deity. In folklore， he is often referred to as the mad monk and is considered as a living Buddha who helps people out of trouble.

The June 21， 2013 celebration started with the declaration of a plan to launch the China Ji Gong Cultural Communication Association. The announcement was made by Yu Yunan， chairman of Tiantai Ji Gong Cultural Communication Society.

“The legends about the mad monk have a history of at least 800 years and have been inscribed on Chinas first list of state-level cultural heritages. The Mad Monk symbolizes the uniqueness of the cultural landscape of Tiantai Mountain. All the essential connotations of the culture have been preserved in its inheritance so well that the national and folk roots incorporated are highly recognizable. To do justice to such a widely accepted culture carrier， a state-level organization for all fans is the right thing to consider，” observed Yu Yunan at the opening ceremony.

Recent years has seen a surge of the number of followers and researchers of the Ji Gong culture coming to Tiantai in search of the roots of the culture. Tiantai enjoys favorable geographical conditions ideal for holding cultural activities throughout the year. To further promote the Ji Gong culture and communication on a global stage， the local government has mapped out its cultural development outline that includes the Mad Monk as the central feature. Recent years has also witnessed the success of various supplementary cultural programs in Tiantai.

“New opportunities and challenges call for a larger platform and a better mechanism to bring the communication to a higher level and into more fields in the society，” said Li Zhijian， a local government official.

A series of Ji Gong-centered cultural activities with far-reaching influence have been held in the county in recent years， triggering an upsurge of pilgrimage from all over the world and making the Tiantai Mountain the ‘holy mountain of Ji Gong in the real sense of the words.

Yongning Village in Tiantai is believed to have been the birthplace of the charismatic monk. Legend has it that the eccentric monk spent his childhood and adolescent years here.

For people in Tiantai， the ‘Ji Gong spirit is essentially about the childhood stories of the monk and how he helped the weak and poor by punishing the ruthless rich. People living in Hangzhou， Jiaxing and Huzhou， however， have more stories to tell about the monk， because the monk spent most of his adult years in these regions.

People of today love the monk for his unrestrained personality as well as his virtues that crystallize into a symbol of justice and integrity.

The Ji Gong Society of Tiantai Mountain， the countrys first grassroots academic organization dedicated to the research of the monk and the multifaceted culture related was founded in 1993. A series of cultural activities were held in Tiantai in the following decade， bringing pilgrims from all over the world into the Tiantai Mountain.

Ji Gong culture increasingly shows its important role in boosting cross-strait communication in recent years. In the seminar in this past June， participants reached the consensus that the cultural foundation has been laid for the launching of a national association and that an annual cultural project open to international guests should be held in Tiantai. The gathering also reasserted the importance of the Tiantai Mountain as the birthplace of the ‘Ji Gong Spirit and a special platform for the intensification of the cross-strait friendship.