黃連英 廖寶翔
在做英語單項填空題時,最重要的是抓住題干中的關鍵詞,因為它們決定了試題的答案。而若更換了關鍵詞,句子的意思、邏輯關系、句式結構、時態等就會發生變化,答案自然也就大不相同。本文將對2013年高考英語單項填空題中的一些經典題目進行更換關鍵詞改編,希望對師生備考起到拋磚引玉的作用。平時適當進行類似的訓練,可達到舉一反三、觸類旁通之效果。
一、時態的轉換
題組一:一般現在時和一般過去時的轉換
1. On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2013陜西卷)
2. On Monday morning it me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance was only 20 miles.
A. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take
答案與解析:A;C。題1根據從句中的is可知敘述的是經常性發生的動作,故用一般現在時。題2根據從句中的was可知敘述的是過去發生的動作,故用一般過去時。
解題規律:復合句中,句子主干謂語的時態應根據從句謂語的時態判斷。
題組二:現在完成時與一般過去時的轉換
1. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.(2013北京卷)
2. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films in the past.
A. had been made B. was made
C. has been made D. would be made
答案與解析:C;B。題1根據時間“over the past years”可知要用現在完成時態,故選C;題2根據時間“in the past”則要用一般過去時,故選B。
解題規律:簡單句中,謂語的時態根據時間狀語判斷。
二、句式的轉換
題組三:not…until的強調句與倒裝句的轉換
1. Not until he went through real hardship _____the love we have for our families is important.(2013福建卷)
2. It was not until he went through real hardship that _____the love we have for our families is important.
A. had he realized B. did he realize
C. he realized D. he had realized
答案與解析:B;C。題1中not until…放在句首,后面的句子采用部分倒裝結構,realize動作發生在“經歷”之后,故用一般過去時。題2考查固定句型not…until的強調句,其句型結構為:It was not until…that+句子(陳述語序),故選C。
解題規律:特殊句式中,主干的謂語形式應根據句式結構來判斷。
題組四:定語從句和并列句的轉換
1. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.(2013安徽卷)
2. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, and made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
答案與解析:D;A。句意均為:莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學獎,這使中國人長期的一個夢想實現了。題1是考查定語從句,此處是非限制性定語從句,修飾整個主句,故選D;題2是and連接的并列句子,空格處代替前面整個句子,要用it,故選A。
解題規律:非限制性定語從句和并列句的區別在于逗號后有沒有并列連詞。
三、邏輯關系的轉換
題組五:順承關系與轉折關系的轉換
1. Read this story, _______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.(2013四川卷)
2. Read this story, _______ you wont realize that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
答案與解析:B;A。題1句意:讀這個故事,然后你就會明白并不是所有東西都能用錢買到。此處表順承關系,故用and。題2句意:讀這個故事,否則你就不會明白并不是所有東西都能用錢買到。此處表轉折關系,故用or。
解題規律:表條件的祈使句型“祈使句 +and/or + 陳述句”中,順承或轉折關系取決于陳述句表達的是肯定還是否定意思。
題組六:時間狀語從句中連詞的轉換
1. I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.(2013陜西卷)
2. I had heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.
A. since B. until C. before D. when
答案與解析:A;C。題1句意:自從我從國外回來,我就聽說了很多關于你的好事。since意為“自從……以來”。題2句意:從國外回來之前,我聽說了很多關于你的好事。before意為“在……之前”。
解題規律:時間狀語從句中,連詞應根據句子的意思和主句、從句動作發生的先后來判斷,而動作發生的先后順序應根據主句和從句中謂語的時態來判斷。
題組七:條件狀語與目的狀語的轉換
1. I took my driving license with me on holiday, I wanted to hire a car.(2013北京卷)
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
2. I took my driving license with me on holiday I could hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. so that
答案與解析:A;D。題1句意:我在度假時隨身帶著駕照,以防自己需要租車。句子前后是條件關系,故選in case表“以防,萬一”。題2句意:我在度假時隨身帶著駕照,以便我能租到車。so that表目的時往往要加情態動詞。
解題規律:in case引導的條件狀語從句與 so that引導的目的狀語從句的區別在于是否有情態動詞。
題組八:條件狀語從句中連詞的轉換
1. _______ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.(2013重慶卷)
A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since
2._______ we have enough evidence, we can win the case.
A. Even if B. As long as C. Unless D. Since
答案與解析:C;B。題1句意:除非有足夠的證據,否則我們不能勝訴。題2句意:只要有足夠的證據,我們就能勝訴。Once意為“一旦”; as long as意為“只要”;unless意為“除非”;since意為“既然”;even if意為“即使”。
解題規律:條件狀語從句中,連詞應根據句子的意思來確定。
四、詞語、短語的轉換
題組九:同義搭配的轉換
1. The watch was very good, and he 20 percent down for it.(2013新課標II卷)
2. The watch was very good, and he 20 percent down on it.
A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent
答案與解析:A;D。這兩句的句意為:這塊手表非常不錯,他以20%的折扣價買下了它。Pay的固定搭配為“pay… for sth.”, spend的固定搭配為“spend… on sth.”。
解題規律:固定搭配的考查中,介詞是解題的關鍵。
題組十:不同搭配的轉換
1. David is animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.(2013安徽卷)
A. curious about B. allergic to
C. satisfied with D. fond of
2. David is animal fur, so he will visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
A. anxious about B. allergic to
C. satisfied with D. fond of
答案與解析:B;D。題1句意:戴維對動物皮毛過敏,所以他不會拜訪家里有貓或者狗的人。“對……過敏”是導致“不拜訪”的原因,故選B。題2句意:戴維喜歡動物皮毛,所以他樂意拜訪家里有貓或者狗的人。“喜歡”是導致“拜訪”的原因,故選D。
解題規律:在短語辨析題中,短語的選擇由句子意思決定,要特別留意句子中表示“肯定”或“否定”意思的詞。
題組十一:不定代詞的轉換
1. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like ____ of them very much.(2013山東卷)
A. either B. any C. each D. another
2. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but like ____ of them very much.
A. either B. any C. each D. neither
答案與解析:A;D。句意均為:我在紐約和芝加哥住過,但我不喜歡它們中的任何一個。either指“兩者中任何一個”,而 neither指“兩者都不”。
解題規律:不定代詞的考查中,要同時關注代詞本身是表示“肯定”還是“否定”及句子中表示“肯定”或“否定”意思的詞。
題組十二:狀語從句中關聯詞的轉換
1. I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. (2013山東卷)
2. I have to give a speech to, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A. Whatever B. Whenever
C. Whoever D. However
答案與解析:B;C。考查讓步狀語從句的關聯詞。題1從句中句式結構完整,要選一個連接副詞,A和C先排除,根據句意容易判斷答案為B。題2從句中缺少賓語,要選連接代詞,根據句意選擇C。
解題規律:讓步狀語從句中,關聯詞的選擇取決于其在從句中充當的成分及從句要表達的意思。