英語考試寫作題型解析

英語書面表達是一項能夠充分考查學生語言綜合運用能力的題型。從單詞拼寫到語法結構，從遣詞造句到謀篇布局，從修辭風格到語言的震撼力，無不淋漓盡致地體現出學生駕馭英語語言的應用能力和運用英語知識水平的高低。它是中考的重要組成部分，全國各地對英語考試書面表達的要求在逐年提高，所占的分值也逐年增加。做好英語書面表達題是學生在英語考試中能夠獲取高分的重要保障，因此，學生除了練習好扎實的專業功底以外，還必須掌握英語書面表達的命題特點、解題技巧等方面的知識才能立于不敗之地。

書面表達在英語考試中的命題方式主要有兩種：提示作文和看圖（表）作文。

提示作文是近幾年英語考試最常見的一種命題方式。特點：給出一個主題或話題，提供幾個要點，根據要求寫一篇英語短文。2012年武漢、廣東、河南、黃岡等地中考英語試題均采用了這種命題方式。

（廣東省2012年中考英語試題）

你是學校英文報的小記者李華。請給你校初三學生寫一封公開榜，就如何保持考前健康提出建議。

要點如下：

1. 早睡早起，保持充足睡眠；

2. 飲食均衡，少吃垃圾食品；

3. 多做體育運動；

4. 你的其它建議。

注意：

1. 詞數80左右(信的開頭和結尾已給出，不計入詞數)；

2. 不得透露學校、姓名等任何個人信息，否則不予評分。

Dear students，

As we all know， good health is important for success in the exams， so I’m writing to

Best wishes and stay healthy.

Yours，

Li Hua

One PossibleVersion:

Dear students，

As we all know， good health is important for success in the exams， so I’m writing to tell you that during this period of time you need to get up early and go to bed early to ensure enough sleep. As a saying goes “you are what you eat”， I suggest you have a balanced diet and avoid eating junk food these days. Although your study will be very tense， I still suggest you make the time to play some sports to help yourself relax. Also， you can do other things to reduce stress， like listening to the music and reading some interesting books.

Best wishes and stay healthy.

Yours，

Li Hua

(1) 認真審題，看清題目中的要求。

(2) 根據提示內容，列出要點及每個要點應列的詞語。

(3) 緊扣提綱，動筆寫作。

(4) 檢查句子的語法結構，注意英漢表達的差異，檢查字母大小寫是否規范，字數是否合乎要求。

請以“I want to be a/an ...”為題寫一篇短文，詞數60~80詞。內容必須包括提示中的三項要求，請不要使用真實姓名及所在學校名稱。

提示：

① What do you want to be?

② Why do you want to be a/an ...?

③ How can you make it come true?

第一步 認真審題。本題要求是以“I want to be a/an ...”為題寫一篇短文，首先要確定你的理想是干什么，你可以是a teacher， a scientist， an artist， an inventor……下面以“I Want to Be an Inventor”為題來思考以下的步驟。

第二步 根據提供的①、②、③內容要點，構思文章并列出提綱：an inventor；inventions can change the world and make our life better; study hard and learn more knowledge; work hard to make the wish come true ...。

第三步 緊扣提綱，落筆成文：

One PossibleVersion:

I Want to Be an Inventor

Many people want to make their new ideas and wishes come true. They want to invent some new things for the world. I am one of them. I just want to be an inventor. Inventions can change the world. They can bring fun and happiness to our lives. And our lives will become better and better. Now I’m still a middle school student. I must try my best to work hard at my lessons and learn what my teachers teach me. I will use my inventions to make contributions to our country.

第四步 檢查短文是否有錯誤，語句是否通順，是否符合題目要求。

看圖(表)作文是中考英語書面表達另一種比較普遍的命題形式。特點是：試題提供幾幅圖畫或一個表格，要求考生根據圖畫或表格里面的內容，按照要求寫出短文。2012年陜西、南京，湖北荊州等地中考英語試題均采用了這種命題方式。

（南京市2012年中考英語試題）

上周日在秦淮河邊發生了張明救落水小男孩的事情，請根據以下四幅圖所描述的事情經過，為校刊的英語園地寫一篇題為“A Brave Young Man”的英文稿件。

注意：

1. 文中不得出現真實姓名和學校名稱；

2. 語言通順，意思連貫，條理清楚，書寫規范；

3. 詞數80左右，文章的開頭已經給出，不計入總詞數。

A Brave Young Man

It was a nice day last Sunday.

One PossibleVersion:

A Brave Young Man

It was a nice day last Sunday. Zhang Ming was fishing by the Qinhuai River when a little boy went to play nearby. Suddenly， Zhang Ming heard someone shouting for help. He looked around and found that the little boy was falling into the water. It was very dangerous. Zhang Ming jumped into the river immediately. He tried his best to pull the boy out of the river. At that time other people came to offer help. Finally， the boy was saved and he was very grateful. People all said Zhang Ming was very brave and helpful. We should learn from him.

(1) 仔細審題，弄清題目要求，明確作文的中心思想，判斷文章的類型。

(2) 仔細觀察畫面或閱讀表格內容，確定要素。比如，故事發生在何時、何地，畫中的人物為何人，他們做了什么事，結果如何等。

(3) 根據提示句或短文第一句來確定時態。

(4) 寫作前，先列一個提綱，逐圖/條描述，圖文意思要一致，語言文字要連貫，語法要正確無誤。

(5) 把已寫好的文章通讀一遍，并結合圖畫進行必要的檢查、修改，力求全文內容表達準確、完整，并最大限度減少錯誤。

1. 根據圖畫內容和所給詞語完成一篇短文。

要求：

(1) 詞數80左右；

(2) 把圖中所示內容表達完整，用下面所給詞語，條理清晰，意思連貫，語句通順，標點正確；

(3) 短文第一句已給出，不計入總詞數。

參考詞匯：

walk， rice field， see， frog (青蛙)， catch， old man， say， friend， pest (害蟲)， turn red， put， smile， good boy

Xiao Ming was on his way home one afternoon.

第一步 認真審題。本題要求按圖寫文；圖中所描寫的內容為 “Xiao Ming caught a frog and let it go after hearing the old man’s advice”的故事，文體為記敘文。

第二步 根據圖畫內容和提供的詞語，確定文章要點并列出提綱：one afternoon; Xiao Ming; walking past a rice field; saw a frog; caught it; an old man; frogs are our friends; let the frog go; a good boy ．．．。

第三步 抓住要點，緊扣提綱，落筆成文：

One PossibleVersion:

Xiao Ming was on his way home one afternoon. When he was walking past a rice field， he saw a frog. He wanted to play with it. So he went over quietly and caught it. Just at the time， an old man came up and said to him， “Frogs are our friends. They are good at catching pests. It’s not right to catch them.” When he heard it， his face turned red. He put the frog back into the field. The old man said with a smile， “You’re a good boy.”

第四步 檢查短文是否有錯誤，語句是否通順，是否符合題目要求。

——To be continued(待續)